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Table 4 Multinomial odds ratios of associated post-disaster lifestyle factors with prevalent and exacerbated musculoskeletal pain

From: Lifestyle factors associated with prevalent and exacerbated musculoskeletal pain after the Great East Japan Earthquake: a cross-sectional study from the Fukushima Health Management Survey

 

Crude

Multivariable adjusted odds ratios1

Multivariable adjusted odds ratios2

Prevalent

Exacerbated

Prevalent

Exacerbated

Prevalent

Exacerbated

Shelter use

 Yes

1.28, 1.22–1.35

2.04, 1.85–2.25

1.11, 1.05–1.17

1.57, 1.42–1.74

1.02, 0.96–1.08

1.44, 1.29–1.60

Job loss

 Yes

1.28, 1.22–1.37

1.92, 1.73–2.13

1.19, 1.12–1/27

1.57, 1.40–1.76

1.03, 0.96–1.10

1.30, 1.16–1.47

Decreased income

 Yes

1.19, 1.12–1.26

1.40, 1.25–1.57

1.18, 1.11–1.26

1.36, 1.21–1.54

1.13, 1.05–1.21

1.29, 1.14–1.45

Smoking status

 Past

1.00, 0.94–1.06

0.83, 0.73–0.93

1.15, 1.07–1.24

1.14, 0.98–1.33

1.04, 0.96–1.12

1.02, 0.87–1.19

 Current light smoking

0.91, 0.84–0.99

0.73, 0.61–0.88

1.10, 1.00–1.21

0.99, 0.82–1.20

1.00, 0.91–1.11

0.85, 0.70–1.04

 Current heavy smoking

0.94, 0.86–1.02

0.86, 0.73–1.02

1.15, 1.04–1.27

1.25, 1.02–1.52

1.06, 0.95–1.18

1.11, 0.90–1.36

Drinking status

 Past

1.19, 1.04–1.35

1.20, 0.93–1.54

1.21, 1.05–1.39

1.37, 1.04–1.37

0.98, 0.84–1.14

1.05, 0.79–1.39

 Current light drinking

0.90, 0.85–0.94

0.85, 0.77–0.94

1.05, 0.99–1.11

1.08, 0.96–1.22

1.08, 1.01–1.15

1.11, 0.98–1.25

 Current heavy drinking

0.95, 0.88–1.03

0.94, 0.80–1.11

1.26, 1.15–1.38

1.29, 1.07–1.56

1.33, 1.21–1.47

1.38, 1.14–1.68

Insomnia

 Yes

2.16, 2.05–2.26

3.22, 2.94–3.53

2.10, 2.00–2.21

2.96, 2.70–3.25

1.22, 1.15–1.29

1.50, 1.36–1.65

Regular exercise

 1 time per week

0.95, 0.89–1.02

0.86, 0.74–0.99

0.91, 0.85–0.98

0.83, 0.71–0.97

0.94, 0.87–1.02

0.86, 0.73–1.00

 2–4 times per week

0.98, 0.92–1.04

1.02, 0.91–1.15

0.89, 0.83–0.95

0.92, 0.81–1.05

0.92, 0.86–0.99

0.96, 0.84–1.10

 Almost daily

0.79, 0.73–0.84

0.71, 0.61–0.82

0.74, 0.69–0.80

0.71, 0.60–0.83

0.83, 0.77–0.91

0.80, 0.68–0.95

Community activities

 Sometimes

0.77, 0.73–0.82

0.65, 0.58–0.73

0.81, 0.77–0.86

0.72, 0.64–0.81

0.93, 0.88–0.99

0.86, 0.76–0.98

 Often

0.60, 0.55–0.65

0.44, 0.36–0.54

0.66, 0.60–0.72

0.54, 0.44–0.67

0.83, 0.75–0.92

0.76, 0.61–0.95

  1. Odds ratios and 95% confidence intervals were shown. Bolded numbers mean significant association (p < 0.05). For each factor, the following categories were used as a reference category: ‘no’ for shelter use, job loss, decreased income, and insomnia; ‘never’ for smoking and drinking status; ‘almost not’ for regular exercise; and ‘never or rarely’ for community activities
  2. 1Adjustment for background information (age, sex, history of hypertension/diabetes/dyslipidemia, and educational status) and disaster experience (tsunami/indirect nuclear power plant accident, house damage, loss of close person) and each lifestyle factors; 2Further adjustment for psychological factors (traumatic reaction and psychological distress) and the number of uncomfortable symptoms (none, one, and two or more)