Table 3 Land-use and land-cover variables (NB urban fabric class includes informal urban greenery)
GI variable | Younger neighbourhoods | Mid-age range neighbourhoods | Older neighbourhoods | |||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low income | Medium income | High income | Low income | Medium income | High income | Low income | Medium income | High income | ||||||||||
Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | Mean | SD | |
% All green-blue cover | 47·3 | 19·3 | 47·5 | 18·6 | 49·1 | 23·2 | 55·9 | 17·1 | 57·9 | 17·1 | 65·5 | 15·4 | 52·5 | 18·5 | 63·4 | 16·4 | 69·3 | 16·0 |
%Water | 0·8 | 1·4 | 1·3 | 2·6 | 1·9 | 3·9 | 1·1 | 2·1 | 1·0 | 1·6 | 1·3 | 2·4 | 1·0 | 2·2 | 1·3 | 3·2 | 1·4 | 4·2 |
%Ground layer | 10·5 | 6·2 | 10·8 | 6·0 | 10·8 | 7·4 | 13·2 | 6·0 | 13·9 | 6·7 | 16·8 | 7·2 | 12·1 | 6·5 | 15·0 | 7·3 | 17·1 | 8·2 |
%Field layer | 16·5 | 10·8 | 13·9 | 9·6 | 15·5 | 13·3 | 20·4 | 10·3 | 19·9 | 11·6 | 22·0 | 13·6 | 19·3 | 10·5 | 23·2 | 11·4 | 25·2 | 13·2 |
%Canopy | 19·5 | 8·3 | 21·5 | 8·9 | 20·9 | 11·7 | 21·2 | 8·2 | 23·0 | 9·9 | 25·4 | 8·9 | 20·2 | 8·5 | 24·0 | 9·6 | 25·5 | 9·7 |
% Institutional land | 3·5 | 4·7 | 3·6 | 4·9 | 3·1 | 5·7 | 3·6 | 4·6 | 3·0 | 4·4 | 2·4 | 3·9 | 2·8 | 3·5 | 3·5 | 4·7 | 2·5 | 3·7 |
% Public parks and recreation | 9·6 | 12·6 | 10·5 | 12·4 | 7·7 | 9·5 | 8·5 | 10·9 | 12·2 | 14·9 | 9·6 | 12·3 | 8·5 | 11·8 | 10·4 | 12·0 | 9·7 | 11·8 |
% Amenity green-space | 14·5 | 10·8 | 11·2 | 12·0 | 13·3 | 12·7 | 19·1 | 13·7 | 15·7 | 13·3 | 13·0 | 12·9 | 15·0 | 12·2 | 18·9 | 14·7 | 14·1 | 13·1 |
% Private gardens | 27·6 | 15·9 | 27·8 | 17·1 | 24·8 | 19·7 | 27·2 | 14·5 | 31·3 | 15·2 | 38·1 | 20·1 | 27·9 | 15·8 | 30·0 | 14·5 | 36·0 | 19·6 |
% Peri-urban | 6·3 | 15.4 | 8·7 | 20·7 | 11·3 | 19·5 | 11·7 | 21·5 | 9·8 | 18·0 | 15·6 | 23·5 | 12·6 | 24·0 | 15·8 | 22·1 | 21·7 | 27·3 |
% Previously developed land | 0·7 | 2·7 | 0·6 | 2·9 | 1·1 | 2·8 | 0·6 | 1·6 | 0·3 | 1·2 | 0·2 | 0·7 | 0·3 | 0·8 | 0·2 | 1·1 | 0·3 | 1·7 |
% Urban fabric | 37·8 | 18·4 | 37·6 | 18·2 | 38·8 | 26·6 | 29·5 | 15·8 | 27·7 | 13·3 | 21·0 | 10·9 | 32·9 | 18·0 | 21·2 | 11·4 | 15·8 | 8·9 |
% Informal urban greenery | 7·9 | 3·4 | 8·4 | 4·0 | 7·8 | 5·0 | 7·7 | 3·4 | 7·3 | 3·3 | 7·5 | 4·1 | 7·8 | 3·2 | 6·1 | 3·1 | 5·7 | 3·2 |
% population ≤ 300 m to public parks and recreation land | 90.6 | 16.5 | 89.9 | 16.1 | 77.8 | 26.3 | 87.3 | 18.5 | 88.8 | 18.0 | 80.8 | 22.7 | 90.8 | 13.2 | 85.2 | 20.5 | 75.7 | 24.8 |
% population ≤ 200 m to public parks and recreation land | 72·0 | 23·6 | 72·3 | 24·7 | 57·2 | 29·9 | 66·0 | 24·1 | 69·8 | 23·3 | 59·5 | 27·8 | 70·2 | 21·5 | 65·5 | 25.4 | 53·1 | 26·6 |
% population ≤ 100 m to public parks and recreation land | 34·6 | 19·0 | 36·9 | 21·2 | 25·8 | 20·4 | 31·1 | 18·4 | 36·2 | 19·1 | 27·9 | 19·0 | 35·6 | 19·8 | 33·1 | 20·1 | 24·1 | 17·0 |
% population ≤ 200 m to 2 ha public parks and recreation land | 33·1 | 29·6 | 36·0 | 31·9 | 24·0 | 29·5 | 31·5 | 28·4 | 37·2 | 29·9 | 32·9 | 30·2 | 33·2 | 25·0 | 35·3 | 29·5 | 28·3 | 26·4 |