The effect of occupational stress on depression and insomnia: a cross-sectional study among employees in a Ghanaian telecommunication company

Table 4 Estimating the impact of occupational stress on Insomnia: Modified Poisson regression with CEM

Variables	Insomnia
	Poisson regression with CEM	Sensitivity Analysis
	Poisson regression with CEM	Ordinary Poisson regression analysis	Logistic regression analysis	Probit regression analysis
	RR [95% CI]	RR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	β [95% CI]
*Occupational stress*
Low	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Excessive	2.46 [0.77–7.87]	2.58 [0.83–8.00]	3.00 [0.88–10.28]	0.52[− 0.10–1.14]
*Age groups*
18–29 years	^a	Ref	Ref	Ref
30–49 years		0.61 [0.06–5.90]	0.57 [0.08–3.84]	−0.28[−1.18–0.61]
*Sex*
Males	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Females	2.05 [0.64–6.62]**	1.58 [0.53–4.76]	1.72 [0.47–6.30]	0.31[−0.35–0.96]
*Dependents*
No	^a	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes		0.25 [0.02–3.45]	0.22 [0.02–2.21]	−0.77[−1.81–0.28]
*Employment*
Permanent	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Contract	0.70 [0.19–2.49]*	0.36 [0.11–1.18]	0.30 [0.08–1.16]	−0.59[−1.27–0.10]
*Job ranking*
Other	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Superior	0.53 [0.08–3.44]	0.57 [0.07–4.66]	0.52 [0.05–5.15]	−0.39[−1.55–0.77]
*Hours per week*
Regular	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Overtime	2.29 [0.70–7.52]	2.07 [0.65–6.62]	2.32 [0.62–8.73]	0.43[−0.23–1.09]
*Work experience*	^a	0.72 [0.51–1.02]	0.69 [0.39–1.24]	−0.17[− 0.47–0.13]
*Alcohol intake*
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	3.15 [0.78–12.73]	1.77 [0.41–7.74]	1.95 [0.44–8.69]	0.38[−0.37–1.13
*Smoking status*
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	0.27 [0.03–2.91]	0.54 [0.04–6.63]	0.49 [0.05–5.41]	−0.27[−1.40–0.86]

ISSN: 1471-2458