The effect of occupational stress on depression and insomnia: a cross-sectional study among employees in a Ghanaian telecommunication company

Table 3 Estimating the impact of occupational stress on depression: Modified Poisson regression with CEM

Variables	Depression
	Poisson regression with CEM	Sensitivity Analysis
	Poisson regression with CEM	Ordinary Poisson regression analysis	Logistic regression analysis	Probit regression analysis
	RR [95% CI]	RR [95% CI]	OR [95% CI]	β [95% CI]
*Occupational stress*
Low	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Excessive	1.03 [0.91–1.17]	1.05 [0.94–1.17]	1.43 [0.61–3.39]	0.23[− 0.25–0.71]
*Age groups*
18–29 years	^a	Ref	Ref	Ref
30–49 years		0.95 [0.81–1.12]	0.83 [0.27–2.52]	− 0.07[− 0.69–0.55]
*Sex*
Males	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Females	1.20 [1.06–1.36]	1.11 [0.99–1.24]	2.11 [0.96–4.67]	0.42 [0.02–0.86]
*Marital status*
Married	^a	Ref	Ref	Ref
Single		1.28 [1.03–1.59]*	4.04 [1.22–13.33]*	0.78 [0.10–1.46]*
*Dependents*
No	^a	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes		1.10 [0.91–1.34]	1.61 [0.53–4.92]	0.27[−0.36–0.91]
*Employment*
Permanent	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Contract	1.14 [1.01–1.29]	1.11 [0.99–1.26]	2.43 [0.88–6.65]	0.50[− 0.04–1.05]
*Job ranking*
Other	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Superior	1.08 [0.94–1.23]	1.13 [0.95–1.34]	1.99 [0.68–5.82]	0.39[− 0.21–0.99]
*Hours per week*
Regular	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Overtime	1.06 [0.94–1.21]	0.96 [0.86–1.07]	0.74 [0.34–1.60]	−0.12[− 0.54–0.31]
*Work experience*	^a	1.02 [1.00–1.04]	1.13 [0.96–1.33]	0.07[−0.02–0.16]
*Alcohol intake*
No	Ref	Ref	Ref	Ref
Yes	1.13 [0.97–1.33]	1.11 [0.98–1.25]	2.23 [0.59–8.37]	0.7[−0.24–1.17]

ISSN: 1471-2458