Table 3 Distribution of study characteristics according to whether child’s stools were safely disposed of: results from Chi-square test
From: Correlates of appropriate disposal of children’s stools in Malawi: a multilevel analysis
Variable | Safe child stool disposal (n = 6326) | p-value | |
|---|---|---|---|
No (n = 913) n a (%) b | Yes (n = 5413) n a (%) b | ||
Individual-level factors | |||
Sex of the child | 0.424 | ||
Male | 447 (14.0) | 2739 (86.0) | |
Female | 466 (14.9) | 2674 (85.1) | |
Age of the child (months) | < 0.001 | ||
≤ 5 | 473 (29.5) | 1132 (70.5) | |
6–11 | 221 (13.5) | 1422 (86.5) | |
12–17 | 113 (7.1) | 1483 (92.9) | |
18–23 | 106 (7.1) | 1376 (92.9) | |
Maternal age (years) | 0.356 | ||
15–24 | 430 (14.9) | 2451 (85.1) | |
25–34 | 333 (13.5) | 2133 (86.5) | |
≥ 35 | 150 (15.3) | 829 (84.7) | |
Number of children ever had | 0.195 | ||
1 | 231 (13.7) | 1456 (86.3) | |
2 | 169 (13.0) | 1138 (87.0) | |
3 | 145 (14.5) | 854 (85.5) | |
4+ | 368 (15.8) | 1965 (84.2) | |
Maternal educational level | < 0.001 | ||
No formal education | 132 (17.4) | 628 (82.6) | |
Primary | 645 (15.2) | 3603 (84.8) | |
Secondary and higher | 136 (10.3) | 1182 (89.7) | |
Wealth | < 0.001 | ||
Poor | 538 (17.6) | 2519 (82.4) | |
Middle | 161 (13.1) | 1072 (86.9) | |
Rich | 214 (10.5) | 1822 (89.5) | |
Employed | 0.259 | ||
No | 273 (13.4) | 1763 (86.6) | |
Yes | 640 (14.9) | 3650 (85.1) | |
Media exposure | 0.016 | ||
No | 646 (15.4) | 3556 (84.6) | |
Yes | 267 (12.5) | 1857 (87.5) | |
Religion | 0.673 | ||
Catholics | 183 (15.7) | 984 (84.3) | |
Protestants | 184 (14.1) | 119 (85.9) | |
Muslims and others | 546 (14.2) | 3310 (85.8) | |
Water source | 0.009 | ||
Unimproved | 161 (18.4) | 712 (81.6) | |
Improved | 752 (13.8) | 4701 (86.2) | |
Sanitation type | < 0.001 | ||
Unimproved | 215 (18.9) | 924 (81.1) | |
Improved | 698 (13.4) | 4489 (86.6) | |
Community-level factors | |||
Residence | < 0.001 | ||
Urban | 63 (7.4) | 796 (92.6) | |
Rural | 850 (15.5) | 4617 (84.5) | |
Region | 0.298 | ||
Northern | 124 (17.1) | 601 (82.9) | |
Central | 375 (14.1) | 2286 (85.9) | |
Southern | 414 (14.1) | 2526 (85.9) | |
Community wealth | 0.004 | ||
Low | 349 (16.2) | 1802 (83.8) | |
Middle | 353 (15.6) | 1910 (84.4) | |
High | 211 (11.0) | 1701 (89.0) | |
Community education | < 0.001 | ||
Low | 415 (18.0) | 1883 (82.0) | |
Middle | 118 (11.2) | 938 (88.8) | |
High | 380 (12.8) | 2592 (87.2) | |