Skip to main content

Table 2 Themes, categories, sub-categories, and codes related to the challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah Earthquake

From: Challenges and barriers of humanitarian aid management in 2017 Kermanshah earthquake: a qualitative study

Themes

Categories

Sub-categories

Example of codes

Managerial barriers

Education

Public education

Lack of education of humanitarian aids in the schools

Lack of education for managing the affected society

Lack of familiarity with the involved organizations in humanitarian aids

Organizational education

Inappropriate education and management of the enthusiastic persons

Insufficient knowledge about the ways of assisting

Inappropriate education and management of the local trustees

Lack of enough education of the volunteers

Command and Coordination

Incident Command System

Several decision-making centers

Lack of an official administrator for disaster management

Lack of unified incident command system

Coordination and Cooperation

No coordination among the assisting organizations

Lack of an organization for coordinating the aids and donations

Interference of the duties of responsible organizations

Communication and Information

Social media

Weakness of the media in managing the rumors

Ineffective social media

Multiplicity of sources of information and news

Organizational communication

Weakness of the inter-organizational communication

Weakness of the intra-organizational communication

Rules

Rules and Regulations

Lack of participation rules for the celebrities

Lack of rules and regulations for collecting cash and non-cash donations

Lack of specified protocols

Supervision and Transparency

Weakness of the participation rules for organizations

Weakness of participation rules for the communities

Insufficient transparency of the aids gathered by GOs and NGOs

Insufficient supervision on the celebrities’ accounts

Multiplicity of the governmental and non-governmental institutions for collecting donations

Structural barriers

Security

The security of affected area

The existence of thieves in the affected area

Lack of a proper plan for recognizing affected people from abusing persons

The security of intercity area

Insufficient security of trucks carrying the donations in the intercity routes

Insufficient security of donors and volunteers in the intercity routes

Traffic and Overcrowding

Overcrowding of affected area

People overcrowding

Volunteer overcrowding

Traffic of the intercity area

Congestion of vehicles

Inappropriate management of intercity traffic

Heavy traffic

Assessment

Need assessment

Lack of assessing the needs of the affected area

Inadequate consideration of sanitary needs, especially for women, kids, and elders

Lack of using local capacities in identifying the needs

Vulnarability and Capacity assessment

Lack of assessing the valnurability and capacity of the affected area

Lack of using local people in identifying the vulnerabilities and capacities

Providing system

Distribution

Remoteness and impracticability of some rural areas

Insufficient distribution of the aids to the villages and distant regions

Inequality in distributing the aids

Delay in sending the vital aids

Preservation

Ambushing the food under sunlight

Lack of enough equipment for saving

Peoples’ interferences in the preservation process

Cultural setting

Community trust

People’s low trust in the governmental institutions

People’s excessive trust in the celebrities

Community discipline

People’s rush to the distribution places

The poor culture of waiting in the queues

Benefactor and charity culture

Tendency to work in the health section more than another sections

Distrust of the benefactors in the governmental institutions

Parallel services of the charity organizations