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Table 1 Tools, scale of measurement, and measurements that will be obtained annually 2019–2024. Individual-level refers to measurements collected from individual household participants and area-level refers to measurements collected within and at some points around a park

From: Study of active neighborhoods in Detroit (StAND): study protocol for a natural experiment evaluating the health benefits of ecological restoration of parks

Tool/Variable

Individual or area-level

Measures obtained

Survey

Individual

Demographics, perceptions of neighborhoods, disease and medication history, diet, perceived stress score, anxiety and depression symptoms, nature-relatedness, perceived safety, acute illness

Physical activity (PA)

Individual

Total activity counts, Moderate-to-vigorous PA, when combined with GPS – green PA

GPS

Individual

Time spent in park, time spent in view of park, when combined with PA – green PA

Cortisol samples

Individual

Total concentration, slope of cortisol from waking to evening

Dried blood spots

Individual

C-reactive protein

Finger-stick A1C

Individual

Hemoglobin A1C levels

Plant surveys

Area

Plant diversity of park, invasive species versus native species

SOPARC

Area

Usage of park

Signs of care

Area

Maintenance level of park

Bird surveys

Area

Bird diversity of park

360 imagery

Area

Greenness of park, negative visual exposures, signs of disorder

AudioMoth acoustic recorders

Area

Bird species, insects, sound diversity, noise

Weather station

Area

Daily precipitation, high temperature