PAFAS | Pre-test Mean (SD) [Min-Max] | Post-test Mean (SD) [Min-Max] | Follow-up Mean (SD) [Min-Max] | ANOVA | Pairwise comparison | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
F (dftime, dferror); χ2(df) | p-value |  | ||||
PARENTING | ||||||
Parental Consistency [0–15] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–8 (n = 41) | 6.39a (1.51) [1–8] | 5.89 (2.67) [1–12] | 6.60 (2.13) [3–11] | χ2(2)= 3.49 | p = 0.175 |  |
>75th percentile Score 9+ (n = 24) | 10.13 (1.08) [9–12] | 6.90 (2.22) [4–11] | 7.15 (1.84) [4–10] | F(2,15) = 29.18 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Overall | 7.77 (2.27) [1–12] | 6.28 (2.46) [1–12] | 6.90 (2.02) [3–11] | F(2,45)= 7.72 | p = 0.001 | b, d |
Coercive Parenting [0–15] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–10 (n = 47) | 6.51 (2.23) [1–10] | 5.36 (3.06) [0–11] | 4.79 (2.97) [0–12] | F(2.36)= 4.83 | p = 0.014 | b, d |
>75th percentile Score 11+ (n = 22) | 12.73 (1.28) [11–15] | 5.00 (2.65) [1–11] | 4.76 (2.83) [0–9] | F(2.19)= 96.06 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Overall | 8.49 (3.52) [1–15] | 5.23 (2.88) [0–11] | 4.85 (2.84) [0–12] | F(1.49,86.76)= 37.72 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Positive Encouragement [0–9] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–1 (n = 37) | 0.62a (0.49) [0–1] | 0.83a (1.12) [0–5] | 0.63a (0.96) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 0.46 | p = 0.796 |  |
>75th percentile Score 2+ (n = 33) | 3.18a (1.47) [2–7] | 0.80a (0.96) [0–3] | 0.90 (0.84) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 31.76 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Overall | 1.83a (1.67) [0–7] | 0.82a (1.04) [0–5] | 0.77a (0.89) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 14.83 | p = 0.001 | b, d |
Parent-child Relationship [0–15] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–2 (n = 44) | 0.73 (0.69) [0–2] | 0.66a (1.15) [0–5] | 0.31a (0.80) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 9.27 | p = 0.010 | d |
>75th percentile Score 3+ (n = 20) | 4.90a (2.43) [3–11] | 0.93a (1.21) [0–4] | 0.50a (0.94) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 17.89 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Overall | 2.03a (2.43) [0–11] | 0.74a (1.13) [0–5] | 0.36a (0.81) [0–3] | χ2(2)= 22.54 | p < 0.001 | b, c, d |
FAMILY ADJUSTMENT | ||||||
Parental Adjustment [0–15] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–7 (n = 41) | 5.12a (1.86) [0–7] | 4.30 (1.82) [1–9] | 3.94 (2.38) [0–9] | χ2(2)= 6.0 | p = 0.050 |  |
>75th percentile Score 8+ (n = 26) | 8.73a (1.08) [8–12] | 5.14 (2.57) [1–11] | 4.81 (2.32) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 24.42 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Overall | 6.52 (2.38) [0–12] | 4.57 (2.18) [0–11] | 4.30 (2.33) [0–9] | F(2,50)= 13.51 | p < 0.001 | b, d |
Family relationships [0–12] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–4 (n = 37) | 2.73 (1.41) [0–4] | 2.34 (1.98) [0–9] | 1.70a (2.04) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 7.91 | p = 0.019 | d |
>75th percentile Score 5+ (n = 33) | 6.09a (1.42) [5–9] | 2.77 (1.71) [0–7] | 2.03a (2.18) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 39.94 | p < 0.001 | b, c, d |
Overall | 4.31 (2.20) [0–9] | 2.56a (1.83) [0–9] | 1.89a (2.09) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 40.73 | p < 0.001 | b. c. d |
Parental teamwork [0–9] | ||||||
≤ 75th percentile Score 0–4 (n = 44) | 1.95a (1.51) [0–4] | 1.67a (1.88) [0–9] | 1.28a (1.47) [0–6] | χ2(2)= 10.15 | p = 0.006 | d |
>75th percentile Score 5+ (n = 15) | 5.53a (1.06) [5–9] | 2.27 (2.09) [0–6] | 2.11a (2.47) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 8.31 | p = 0.016 | b, d |
Overall | 2.86 (2.10) [0–9] | 1.82a (1.88) [0–9] | 1.38a (1.71) [0–8] | χ2(2)= 17.06 | p < 0.001 | b, c, d |