Null model | Model 1 Coefficients (CI95%) | Model 2 Coefficients (CI 95%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Fixed effects | ||||
Individual level | ||||
Demographic factors | Age 18–29 | Ref | Ref | |
Age 30–49 | 526.5 (−0.74; 1053.7) | 573 (46.1; 1099.8) | ||
Age 50–69 | − 303.1 (− 886.2; 280) | − 253.1 (− 835.8; 329.6) | ||
Femalevs.Male | − 1514.2 (− 1874.4; − 1153.9) | − 1504.6 (− 1864.1; − 1145.1) | ||
Kinhvs.other ethnics | − 1414.8 (− 2027.5; − 802.1) | − 1104.1 (− 1733.6; − 474.5) | ||
Socio-economic factors | Education | |||
Primary or less | Ref | Ref | ||
Lower secondary | 63.4 (− 461.9; 588.7) | −45.0 (− 569.1; 479.1) | ||
Upper secondary | − 851.2 (− 1553.5; − 148.9) | − 858.8 (− 1559.7; 157.9) | ||
College or above | − 971.4 (− 1766.6; − 176.2) | −973.6 (− 1767.6; − 179.6) | ||
Occupation | ||||
Government employee | Ref | Ref | ||
Non-government employee | 981.5 (130.3; 1832.7) | 1024.6 (173.0; 1876.2) | ||
Self-employed | 2411.2 (1677.6; 3144.8) | 2384.3 (1651.4; 3117.1) | ||
Student | −409.0 (− 2030.1; 1212.1) | − 403.3 (− 2024.2; 1217.6) | ||
Homemaker | −973.9 (− 1909.8; −38.0) | − 974.1 (− 1909.0; −39.2) | ||
Retired | − 557.6 (− 1581.1; 465.9) | − 564.3 (− 1586.8; 458.2) | ||
Unemployment | − 2803.3 (− 3895.6; − 1711.0) | − 2708.4 (− 3799.7; − 1617.1) | ||
Rural vs. Urban | 694.3 (291.3; 1097.3) | 673.7 (268.8; 1078.6) | ||
Household economic status | ||||
Lowest | Ref | Ref | ||
Lower Middle | − 552.0 (− 1107.5; 3.5) | − 3149.6 (− 5000.4; − 1298.8) | ||
Middle | − 1308.5 (− 1966.9; − 650.1) | − 3934 (− 6090.6; − 1777.4) | ||
Upper Middle | − 1492.6 (− 2141.4; − 843.8) | − 4766.1 (− 6777.3; − 2754.9) | ||
Highest | − 1963.4 (− 2667.6; − 1259.2) | − 5299.9 (− 7377.1; − 3222.7) | ||
Provincial-level | ||||
Provincial urbanization rate in 2014 | −13 (− 51.2; 25.2) | |||
Provincial average income per capital in 2014 | −1.9 (−3.1; −0.7) | |||
Interaction between individual SES and provincial average income per capita | ||||
Between middle low and average income | 1.3 (0.5; 2.1) | |||
Between middle and average income | 1.3 (0.3; 2.3) | |||
Between middle high and average income | 1.6 (0.8; 2.4) | |||
Between high and average income | 1.6 (0.8; 2.4) | |||
Random effects | ||||
Province (variance) | 6,712,211 | 3,612,203 | 2,974,521 | |
Individual (variance) | 27,710,766 | 22,321,687 | 22,245,934 | |
ICC (%) | 19.5 | 13.93 | 11.79 | |
Change in -2loglikelihood | 691 (df = 19) | 21 (df = 5) |