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Table 4 Demographics of respondents according to smoking status

From: Waterpipe smoking among university students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study

 

Never smoked

Waterpipe only

Cigarette only

Dual smoking

p value

Total, n (%)

876 (68.0)

140 (10.9)

106 (8.2)

166 (12.89)

 

Gender, n (%)

    

0.010

 Males

277 (31.6)

33 (23.6)

38 (35.9)

68 (41.0)

 Females

599 (68.4)

107 (76.4)

68 (64.1)

98 (59.0)

Age, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 18–19 years

155 (17.8)

12 (8.6)

9 (8.6)

7 (4.2)

 20–21 years

344 (39.4)

54 (38.6)

20 (19.1)

45 (27.1)

 22–23 years

227 (26.0)

44 (31.4)

30 (28.6)

44 (26.5)

 24 year or older

147 (16.8)

30 (21.4)

46 (43.8)

70 (42.2)

- Age, mean (SD)

21.9 (3.5)

22.3 (2.6)

24.1 (4.7)

24.0 (4.6)

< 0.001

- Initiation age, mean (SD)

–

19.9 (2.4)

17.2 (5.1)

20.5 (4.3)b/18.8 (4.0)c

Household income, n (%)a

    

< 0.001

 HK$19,999 or below

288 (45.5)

40 (39.2)

51 (60.7)

46 (39.3)

 HK$20,000 - HK$49,999

282 (44.6)

40 (39.2)

26 (31.0)

49 (41.9)

 HK$50,000 or above

63 (10.0)

22 (21.6)

7 (8.3)

22 (18.8)

Qualification of study, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 Undergraduate

652 (86.1)

100 (87.7)

55 (59.8)

90 (72.6)

 Postgraduate

105 (13.9)

14 (12.3)

37 (40.2)

34 (27.4)

Alcohol consumption, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 Never

301 (34.4)

5 (3.6)

22 (20.8)

9 (5.4)

 Once a month or less

477 (54.5)

76 (54.3)

59 (55.7)

51 (30.7)

 More than monthly

98 (11.2)

59 (42.1)

25 (23.6)

106 (63.9)

Sensation-seeking behaviour, n (%)

    

< 0.001

 Low (8–18)

264 (30.1)

17 (12.1)

18 (17.0)

16 (9.6)

 

 Medium (19–29)

560 (63.9)

101 (72.1)

69 (65.1)

104 (62.7)

 High (30–40)

52 (5.9)

22 (15.7)

19 (17.9)

46 (27.7)

Loneliness, n (%)

    

0.021

 Not lonely

344 (39.3)

68 (48.6)

33 (31.1)

75 (45.2)

 Lonely (≥6)

532 (60.7)

72 (51.4)

73 (68.9)

91 (54.8)

  1. Key: a US$ 1 = HK$ 7.82; b Waterpipe; c Cigarette