From: Waterpipe smoking among university students in Hong Kong: a cross-sectional study
Odd Ratio (OR) (95% CI) | ||
---|---|---|
Crude | Adjusted b | |
Gender | ||
Males | REF | REF |
Females | 0.96(0.78–1.17) | 1.57(1.22–2.02)*** |
Age | ||
18–19 years | REF | REF |
20–21 years | 2.35(1.18–4.68)* | 2.48(1.07–5.72)* |
22–23 years | 2.96(1.43–6.09)** | 3.05(1.01–9.22)* |
24 year or older | 4.47(1.77–11.32)** | 4.17(1.35–12.93)* |
Household incomea | ||
HK$19,000 or below | REF | REF |
HK$20,000–$49,999 | 1.14(0.69–1.89) | 0.87(0.52–1.45) |
HK$50,000 or above | 2.48(1.26–4.88)** | 1.32(0.55–3.15) |
Qualification of study | ||
Undergraduate | REF | REF |
Postgraduate | 1.26(0.83–1.90) | 0.82(0.43–1.55) |
Alcohol consumption | ||
Never | REF | REF |
Once a month or less | 5.47(2.78–10.77)*** | 5.10(2.30–11.30)*** |
More than monthly | 30.95(16.33–58.67)*** | 26.02(10.91–62.09)*** |
Sensation-seeking behaviour | ||
Low (8–18) | REF | REF |
Medium (19–29) | 2.79(2.15–3.61)*** | 1.63(1.08–2.46)*** |
High (30–40) | 8.18(6.13–10.93)*** | 2.98(1.46–6.08)*** |
Loneliness | ||
Not lonely | REF | REF |
Lonely (≥6) | 0.71(0.53–0.96)* | 0.74(0.47–1.16) |