Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

Table 5 Factors associated with double burden categories in a multivariable logistic regression analysis in a sample of adults in rural Tamil Nadu, South India

	Anemia only OR (95% CI)	Overweight only	Co-morbid anemia and overweight
Age (continuous)	1.03 (1.02, 1.05)^a	1.01 (1.00, 1.03)	1.01 (0.99, 1.03)
Female sex (male as referent)	3.0 (2.03, 4.46)^a	1.30 (0.82, 2.05)	2.31 (1.39, 3.85)^a
High caste (Brahmin)	–	3.95 (1.75, 8.93)^a	3.17 (1.34, 7.49)^a
Wealth index	–	1.06 (1.01, 1.13)^a	1.05 (1.00, 1.12)^b
Rurality index	–	0.69 (0.58, 0.81)^a	0.69 (0.56, 0.85)^a
Tobacco consumption	–	–	0.55 (0.32, 0.96)^b
Livestock ownership	–	–	0.51 (0.29, 0.89)^b
Meat and poultry intake (g/1000 kcal)	–	–	0.75 (0.61, 0.94)^b

Only variables associated with one or more outcome level (p < 0.05) are displayed
The dependent variable is a multi-level outcome: 0 = neither anemia nor overweight (referent, not shown); 1 = anemia only; 2 = overweight only; 3 = both anemic and overweight
Definitions as follows: anemia, Hb < 130 g/dL for men, < 120 g/dL for women; overweight, ≥23 kg/m²
^ap < 0.01; ^bp < 0.05; ^cp < 0.1; ^dp < 0.2

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