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Table 1 Sex-specific clinical and sociodemographic characteristics of a sample of adults (> 19 years) in rural South India

From: Socio-demographic patterning of the individual-level double burden of malnutrition in a rural population in South India: a cross-sectional study

Characteristic

Men

n

Mean (SD) or %

Women

n

Mean (SD) or %

p-value

Age (y)

    

0.10

 20–34

69

20.2

95

23.1

 

 35–49

115

33.6

147

35.7

 

 50–64

105

30.7

111

26.9

 

 65+

52

15.2

58

14.1

 

Height (cm)

340

165 (7.0)

407

154 (6.6)

< 0.001

Stunting (men/women< 163.6/151.8 cm)

120

35.3

129

31.7

0.26

Body Mass Index (kg/m2) (BMI)

340

21.6 (3.91)

406

22.0 (4.49)

0.10

BMI Categories

 Underweight (< 18.5)

84

24.7

85

20.9

 

 Normal weight (≥18.5 & < 23 kg/m)

139

40.9

162

39.9

 

 Overweight (≥23 and < 25 kg/m2)

56

16.5

62

15.2

 

 Obese class I (≥25 and < 30 kg/m2

55

16.2

77

19.0

 

 Obese class II (≥30 kg/m2)

6

1.8

20

4.9

 

Waist circumference (cm)

337

82 (11.3)

407

78 (12.5)

< 0.001

Abdominal obesity categories (waist circumference)

 Non-obese (men/women < 90/< 80 cm)

252

74.8

236

58.0

 

 Obese (men/women ≥90/≥80 cm)

85

25.2

171

42.0

 

 Hemoglobin (Hb) (g/dL)

336

13.4 (2.48)

407

11.5 (5.77)

< 0.001

Anemia (Hb concentrations)

 No (men/women ≥130/≥120 g/dL)

215

64.0

171

42.0

 

 Mild anemia (men/women 110–129/110–119 g/dL)

75

22.3

74

18.2

 

 Moderate anemia (men/women 80–109/70–109 g/dL)

37

11.0

148

36.4

 

 Severe anemia (men/women < 80/< 70 g/dL)

9

2.7

14

3.4

 

 High blood pressure (SBP ≥ 140 mmHg and/or DBP ≥ 90 mmHg and/or treatment with blood pressure medication)

105

31.1

117

28.8

0.51

Glucose tolerance and diabetes

 Impaired fasting glucose (fasting CBG 6.1–6.9 mmol/L)

8

2.4

17

4.2

0.17

 Impaired glucose tolerance (fasting CBG < 7 mmol/L and a 2-h post glucose CBG ≥8.9 mmol/L but < 12.2 mmol/L)

17

5.0

24

5.9

0.60

 Diabetes (proof of previous diagnosis and/or fasting CBG ≥7 mmol/L and/or 2-h post prandial CBG value ≥12.2 mmol/L)

47

13.8

48

11.7

0.40

Education

    

< 0.001

 Illiterate

174

51.0

315

76.5

 

 Literate, less than primary school

94

27.6

48

11.7

 

 Primary school

59

17.3

46

11.2

 

 Secondary/post-secondary school

14

4.1

3

0.7

 

Wealth Index

    

< 0.001

 Low

108

31.7

200

48.5

 

 Middle

217

63.6

188

45.6

 

 High

16

4.7

24

5.8

 

Tobacco use

    

< 0.001

 Current users

173

51.3

279

68.9

 

 Not current users

164

48.7

126

31.1

 
  1. p-values are for differences in means or proportions of each characteristic between sexes using two-sided Student’s t-tests and Pearson chi-squared tests, respectively