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Table 3 II Results of standard and imputed models for associations between system-level changes: ADVISE

From: An observational study of system-level changes to improve the recording of very brief advice for smoking cessation in an inpatient mental health setting

Variable

Categories/units

Standard model (n = 2137)

Imputed model (n = 2513)

OR (95%CI)

P

OR (95%CI)

p

A) CQUIN Programme

Financial incentive

April 2014–

0.70 (0.39–1.25)

0.227

0.74 (0.42–1.30)

0.296

B) Smoke-free policy

Smoke-free policy

Oct 2014–

3.18 (1.33–7.58)

0.009

3.36 (1.39–8.13)

0.007

Time interaction

 

0.91 (0.68–1.22)

0.523

0.89 (0.66–1.20)

0.453

Enhancements to EHCR

C1) Temporary recording form

Jul 2014–Nov 2014

1.23 (0.69–2.22)

0.481

1.23 (0.70–2.19)

0.471

C2) Amendments to recording of VBA

Jan 2015–

3.37 (0.44–24.00)

0.225

3.62 (0.50–26.21)

0.202

C3) Electronic referral system (NRS)

Sept 2015–

1.33 (0.25–7.15)

0.744

1.34 (0.25–7.19)

0.730

Time interaction

 

1.03 (0.75–1.41)

0.860

1.06 (0.77–1.45)

0.716

Admission characteristics

Admission date

Months (since Jan 2011)

1.03 (1.01–1.06)

0.019

1.03 (1.00–1.06)

0.028

Length of stay

Days

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.105

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

0.091

Length of stay squared

Days

N/A

 

N/A

 

Previous admission characteristics (last 6 months)

No admission

ref

 

ref

 

Admission (smoking status not recorded)

1.15 (0.76–1.75)

0.502

1.08 (0.72–1.63)

0.717

Admission with smoking status recorded (non-smoker)

0.16 (0.06–0.46)

< 0.001

0.16 (0.06–0.44)

< 0.001

Admission with smoking status recorded (smoker and referral not offered)

1.51 (0.61–3.78)

0.375

1.39 (0.54–3.56)

0.495

Admission with referral offered

1.67 (1.00–2.79)

0.052

1.68 (1.01–2.80)

0.047

Individual characteristics

Age

16–24

0.79 (0.48–1.29)

0.342

0.82 (0.50–1.33)

0.411

25–34

0.77 (0.49–1.22)

0.254

0.81 (0.52–1.26)

0.356

35–44

ref

 

ref

 

45–54

0.84 (0.53–1.36)

0.482

0.86 (0.54–1.36)

0.514

54–64

0.99 (0.52–1.89)

0.983

1.08 (0.58–2.01)

0.816

≥65

1.13 (0.32–4.01)

0.850

1.19 (0.34–4.15)

0.790

Sex

Male

ref

 

ref

 

Female

1.02 (0.72–1.43)

0.919

1.04 (0.74–1.46)

0.802

Ethnicity

White

ref

 

ref

 

African

1.18 (0.69–2.00)

0.549

1.08 (0.63–1.86)

0.774

Caribbean

0.94 (0.54–1.63)

0.816

0.97 (0.56–1.68)

0.914

Other black background

1.28 (0.83–1.98)

0.267

1.32 (0.87–2.01)

0.192

Mixed

1.35 (0.57–3.24)

0.498

1.43 (0.87–2.01)

0.192

Asian (inc. Chinese)

1.07 (0.47–2.45)

0.875

1.14 (0.46–2.78)

0.780

Other

1.12 (0.58–2.16)

0.746

1.09 (0.56–2.11)

0.805

Socioeconomic deprivation

3 and 2 (least/medium)

ref

 

ref

 

1 (most deprivation)

0.87 (0.61–1.23)

0.431

0.83 (0.58–1.19)

0.316

Legally detained in hospital for treatment (lifetime)

No

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

1.12 (0.74–1.70)

0.586

1.13 (0.74–1.72)

0.571

HoNOS score

HoNOS scale (0–37)

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.092

1.03 (1.00–1.07)

0.074

Diagnosis (ICD-10 disorder type)

F30–F39 (affective disorders)

ref

 

ref

 

F20 or schizophrenia

1.20 (0.75–1.93)

0.447

1.19 (0.74–1.93)

0.478

F21–F29 (schizotypal, delusional)

1.00 (0.62–1.61)

0.987

0.97 (0.61–1.56)

0.909

<F20, >F40 and other

0.70 (0.45–1.10)

0.125

0.72 (0.46–1.14)

0.163

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BMC Public Health

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