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Table 2 I Results of standard and imputed models for associations between system-level changes: ASK

From: An observational study of system-level changes to improve the recording of very brief advice for smoking cessation in an inpatient mental health setting

Variable

Categories/units

Standard model1 (n = 8380)

Imputed model (n = 8976)

OR (95%CI)

p

OR (95%CI)

P

CQUIN programme

Financial incentives

April 2014–

1.56 (1.24–1.96)

< 0.001

1.56 (1.24–1.95)

< 0.001

Smoke-free policy

Smoke-free policy

Oct 2014–

0.73 (0.57–0.93)

0.010

0.72 (0.56–0.91)

0.007

Time interaction

 

1.02 (0.97–1.08)

0.345

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

0.210

Enhancements to EHCR

C1) Temporary form

Jul 2014–Nov 2014

1.94 (1.55–2.44)

< 0.001

1.99 (1.59–2.48)

< 0.001

C2) Amendments to recording of VBA

Jan 2015–

0.97 (0.67–1.40)

0.858

0.90 (0.63–1.31)

0.593

C3) Electronic referral system (NRS)

Sept 2015–

1.36 (0.98–1.87)

0.062

1.79 (1.31–2.43)

< 0.001

Time interaction

 

1.08 (1.01–1.14)

0.015

0.94 (0.89–0.99)

0.029

Admission characteristics

Admission date

Months (since Jan 2011)

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.03)

< 0.001

Length of stay

Days

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

1.02 (1.01–1.02)

< 0.001

Length of stay squared

Days2

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

< 0.001

1.00 (1.00–1.00)

< 0.001

Previous admission characteristics (last 6 months)

No admission

 

ref

 

ref

 

Admission (smoking status not recorded)

1.19 (1.03–1.38)

0.018

1.22 (1.06–1.40)

0.007

Admission with smoking status recorded (non-smoker)

1.04 (0.81–1.35)

0.742

1.28 (1.00–1.64)

0.047

Admission with smoking status recorded (smoker and referral not offered)

1.61 (1.06–2.45)

0.025

1.71 (1.13–2.58)

0.010

Admission with referral offered

1.28 (1.03–1.59)

0.028

1.49 (1.21–1.84)

< 0.001

Individual characteristics

Age

16–24

1.34 (1.13–1.58)

0.001

1.28 (1.10–1.51)

0.002

25–34

1.11 (0.95–1.29)

0.176

1.12 (0.97–1.29)

0.116

35–44

ref

 

ref

 

45–54

1.03 (0.88–1.21)

0.670

1.06 (0.91–1.23)

0.435

54–64

1.16 (0.95–1.41)

0.143

1.14 (0.95–1.38)

0.153

≥65

0.95 (0.66–1.37)

0.786

1.05 (0.74–1.49)

0.777

Sex

Male

ref

 

ref

 

Female

0.82 (0.74–0.91)

< 0.001

0.82 (0.74–0.90)

< 0.001

Ethnicity

White

ref

 

ref

 

African

1.26 (1.07–1.48)

0.005

1.20 (1.03–1.40)

0.017

Caribbean

1.00 (0.83–1.22)

0.968

1.01 (0.84–1.22)

0.878

Other black background

1.18 (1.01–1.37)

0.036

1.20 (1.04–1.39)

0.011

Mixed

1.33 (0.97–1.83)

0.072

1.19 (0.89–1.59)

0.246

Asian (inc. Chinese)

1.24 (0.98–1.57)

0.076

1.16 (0.93–1.45)

0.188

Other

1.10 (0.89–1.36)

0.390

1.11 (0.91–1.35)

0.326

Socioeconomic deprivation

3 and 2 (least/medium)

ref

 

ref

 

1 (most deprivation)

1.13 (1.02–1.27)

0.024

1.10 (0.99–1.22)

0.065

Legally detained in hospital for treatment (lifetime)

No

ref

 

ref

 

Yes

1.35 (1.18–1.53)

< 0.001

1.39 (1.22–1.57)

< 0.001

HoNOS score

HoNOS scale (0–37)

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.073

1.01 (1.00–1.02)

0.061

Diagnosis (ICD-10 disorder type)

F30–F39 (affective disorders)

ref

 

ref

 

F20 or schizophrenia

0.98 (0.84–1.15)

0.836

0.99 (0.85–1.15)

0.879

F21–F29 (schizotypal, delusional)

0.92 (0.79–1.07)

0.296

0.93 (0.80–1.08)

0.322

<F20, >F40 and other3

0.75 (0.65–0.87)

< 0.001

0.75 (0.66–0.86)

< 0.001

  1. 1 Refers to complete cases
  2. 2 Quadratic term was 2 - negative (OR < 1)
  3. 3 Including (but not restricted to) anxiety, delusional and substance disorders Months since January 2012