Table 1 Univariate analysis for the association between potential risk factors and DENV infection among residents of Kassala State, Sudan, using chi-square test (χ2)
Risk factors | Cases tested | Cases affected (%) | df | χ2 | p-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Locality | 10 | 19.37 | 0.044 | ||
Kassala | 105 | 8 (7.6%) | |||
R. Kassala | 84 | 11 (13.1%) | |||
W. Kassala | 70 | 12 (17.1%) | |||
New Halfa | 83 | 7 (8.4%) | |||
Atbara River | 70 | 9 (12.9%) | |||
Hamashkorieb | 53 | 6 (11.3%) | |||
Elgirba | 49 | 7 (14.3%) | |||
Delta North | 50 | 1 (2.0%) | |||
R. Aroma | 22 | (00.0%) | |||
Talkuk | 61 | 7 (11.5%) | |||
Wad Elheiliew | 54 | 12 (22.2%) | |||
Age | 1 | 17.06 | 0.001 | ||
young | 309 | 18 (5.87%) | |||
Old | 392 | 62 (15.8%) | |||
gender | 1 | 1.16 | 0.281 | ||
female | 320 | 32 (10.6%) | |||
male | 381 | 48 (12.6%) | |||
Education | 4 | 1.13 | 0.897 | ||
illiterate | 177 | 19 (10.7%) | |||
primary | 233 | 30 (12.9%) | |||
secondary | 146 | 14 (9.6%) | |||
university | 92 | 11 (12.%) | |||
informal study | 53 | 6 (11.3%) | |||
Income | 2 | 3.98 | 0.136 | ||
low | 440 | 56 (12.7%) | |||
medium | 146 | 17 (11.6%) | |||
high | 115 | 7 (6.1) | |||
Work | 1 | 0.05 | 0.809 | ||
unemployed | 298 | 33 (11.1%) | |||
employed | 403 | 47 (11.7%) | |||
Disease awareness | 1 | 3.38 | 0.06 | ||
no | 645 | 75 (12.3%) | |||
yes | 56 | 5 (5.6%) | |||
Mosquito net use | 1 | 6.16 | 0.013 | ||
no | 342 | 43 (12.3%) | |||
yes | 359 | 37 (10.6%) | |||
Mosquito control | 1 | 12.38 | 0.001 | ||
No | 313 | 126 (40.3%) | |||
yes | 388 | 205 (53.6%) |