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Table 3 Health outcomes at follow-ups (in 2013 and 2015) by social participation (SP) at baseline (in 2011)

From: Impact of social participation on health among middle-aged and elderly adults: evidence from longitudinal survey data in China

Health outcome (the higher, the better)

2013

2015

SP

Non-SP

Difference

SP

Non-SP

Difference

(A)

(B)

(AB)

p-value

(A)

(B)

(AB)

p-value

Mental health (MH)

 MH1 (range: 1–5)

2.0

1.9

0.1

<  0.001

2.0

1.8

0.1

<  0.001

 MH2 (range: 10–70)

57.9

55.1

2.7

<  0.001

57.6

55.1

2.5

<  0.001

Self-rated health (SRH) (range: 1–5)

3.1

2.9

0.2

<  0.001

3.1

3.0

0.1

0.016

Activities of Daily Living (ADL)

42.9

42.1

0.8

<  0.001

42.8

41.8

1.0

<  0.001

 BADL (range: 6–24)

23.6

23.3

0.3

<  0.001

23.5

23.1

0.4

<  0.001

 IADL (range: 5–20)

19.6

19.1

0.4

<  0.001

19.5

19.0

0.5

<  0.001

Onset of disease (%)

 Hypertension or dyslipidaemia

29.8

27.4

2.4

0.079

29.2

28.0

1.2

0.397

 Diabetes or high blood sugar

7.7

5.4

2.2

0.003

7.8

7.0

0.8

0.320

 Heart attack or stroke

16.4

14.8

1.5

0.166

16.0

14.3

1.7

0.140

 Cancer or malignant tumour

0.9

0.8

0.1

0.825

0.7

0.8

−0.1

0.684

 Emotional, nervous, psychiatric problems or memory-related disease

2.0

2.0

0.0

0.907

2.1

2.3

−0.2

0.736

 Stomach or digestive disease

21.6

20.2

1.4

0.257

18.5

18.6

−0.1

0.951

 Other diseases

38.1

39.0

−0.9

0.541

35.8

35.3

0.5

0.742