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Table 3 The risk factors associated with metabolic abnormality in the normal-weight individuals

From: Prevalence and epidemiological determinants of metabolically obese but normal-weight in Chinese population

Variables

MNNW

(11779)

MONW

(6097)

ORa

ORb

BMI

 18.5-

4437 (37.7)

1350 (22.1)

Reference

 

 20.9-

3979 (33.8)

1997 (32.8)

1.69 (1. 55–1.84)

 

 22.5–24.0

3363 (28.6)

2750 (45.1)

2.79 (2.57–3.03)

 
   

<  0.001

 

Waist circumference (cm)

  < 70

2576 (24.6)

586 (11.3)

Reference

Reference

 70-

5636 (53.8)

2586 (49.7)

1.72 (1.55–1.92)

1.33 (1.19–1.48)

 80-

2136 (20.4)

1852 (35.6)

3.35 (2.98–3.77)

2.05 (1.79–2.34)

  ≥ 90

120 (1.1)

182 (3.5)

5.62 (4.33–7.28)

3.29 (2.51–4.32)

P trend

  

<  0.001

< 0.001

Central obesityc

 No

10,739 (91.6)

4957 (81.3)

Reference

Reference

 Yes

986 (8.4)

1140 (18.7)

2.03 (1.84–2.23)

1.44 (1.31–1.60)

Education level

 Primary school

or below

1262 (39.4)

886 (60.4)

Reference

Reference

 Secondary school

1558 (48.7)

541 (36.9)

0.73 (0.63–0.84)

0.71 (0.62–0.83)

 College or upper

382 (11.9)

41 (2.8)

0.30 (0.21–0.43)

0.30 (0.21–0.42)

Smoking status

 (former and never)

5449 (74.2)

2711 (81.3)

Reference

Reference

 current

1893 (25.8)

623 (18.7)

0.90 (0.79–1.03)

0.92 (0.80–1.05)

Regular alcohol drinking

 No < 3 times/week

4353 (62.3)

2295 (69.7)

Reference

Reference

  ≥ 3 times/week

2631 (37.7)

999 (30.3)

0.85 (0.77–0.94)

0.83 (0.74–0.91)

Regular tea drinking

  < one cup/day

5633 (68.3)

2762 (74.0)

Reference

Reference

  ≥ one cup/day

2614 (31.7)

969 (26.0)

1.03 (0.93–1.14)

1.00 (0.90–1.11)

Sedentary timed

 Short (< 2 h)

746 (13.6)

331 (13.6)

Reference

Reference

 Moderate or longer

(≥ 2 h)

4742 (86.4)

2101 (86.4)

1.00 (0.87–1.16)

1.03 (0.89–1.19)

food preferences

 Meat-based

253 (9.9)

164 (14.2)

Reference

Reference

 balanced

1391 (54.5)

503 (43.6)

0.57 (0.45–0.72)

0.59 (0.46–0.75)

 vegetarian

907 (35.6)

487 (42.2)

0.62 (0.49–0.80)

0.65 (0.51–0.83)

Fruit intake e

 Less

616 (67.3)

466 (72.0)

Reference

Reference

 More

299 (32.7)

181 (28.0)

0.95 (0.75–1.20)

0.95 (0.75–1.21)

Milk intake e

 Less

262 (75.1)

152 (74.1)

Reference

Reference

 More

87 (24.9)

53 (25.9)

1.12 (0.74–1.70)

1.11 (0.72–1.70)

Family history of diseases f

 No

1191 (46.0)

552 (40.4)

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1399 (54.0)

816 (59.6)

1.52 (1.32–1.75)

1.45 (1.26–1.67)

Menopause

 No

856 (45.4)

199 (16.8)

Reference

Reference

 Yes

1029 (51.1)

985 (48.9)

2.10 (1.67–2.65)

2.04 (1.62–2.58)

  1. ORa, odds ratio after adjusting for age and gender. ORb, odds ratio after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, and WC
  2. c, evaluated based on waist circumference > 85 cm for males and 80 cm for females
  3. dSedentary time were classified as short, moderate and long by the interquartile of sedentary hours
  4. e More and less of the dietary intakes are defined by the mean cut-points of the amount of the dietary intakes per week
  5. f Family history of diseases includes diabetes, cardiovascular diseases
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BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

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