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Table 3 Motivational-volitional patterns: latent profile analysis models for 4- to 6-latent-patterns-solutions (class-invariant, diagonal Σ) including correction for nesting

From: The interaction of behavioral context and motivational-volitional factors for exercise and sport in adolescence: patterns matter

Latent-patterns-solution

n (%)

Self-determined motivation

M (SD)

Non-self-determined motivation

M (SD)

Intention strength

M (SD)

Self-efficacy

M (SD)

Action planning

M (SD)

Exercise and sport activity level

Mmin/week(SD)

BIC

Entropy

VLMR

BLRTa

Four latent patterns

       

15,663.99

.76

p = .0861

− 7807.680

p < .00005

1. The moderately motivated with moderate volition

442 (38.57%)

4.29 (0.70)

2.31 (0.97)

8.21 (1.13)

3.11 (1.13)

3.47 (0.71)

184.13 min/week (11.87) [2,3,4]

   

2. The intention- and plan-less

62 (5.41%)

2.11 (0.70)

1.64 (0.97)

2.73 (1.13)

2.15 (1.13)

1.31 (0.71)

19.04 min/week (8.33) [1, 3, 4]

   

3. The above-average motivated with above-average volition

174 (15.18%)

3.29 (0.70)

2.27 (0.97)

6.00 (1.13)

2.63 (1.13)

2.41 (0.71)

89.30 min/week (16.87) [1, 2, 4]

   

4. The highly motivated with high volition

468 (40.84%)

5.10 (0.70)

2.47 (0.97)

9.31 (1.13)

3.91 (1.13)

4.31 (0.71)

372.70 min/week (14.18) [1,2,3]

   
      

Wald-Chi-Square-Test

χ2 = 577.694, p < .0005

    

Five latent patterns

       

15,591.81

.80

p = .0069

− 7733.380

p < .00005

1. The intention- and plan-less

61 (5.32%)

2.12 (0.70)

1.63 (0.97)

2.70 (1.14)

2.17 (0.57)

1.25 (0.58)

18.19 min/week (8.48) [2,3,4,5]

   

2. The low motivated with low volition

152 (13.26%)

3.24 (0.70)

2.27 (0.97)

5.90 (1.14)

2.59 (0.57)

2.33 (0.58)

88.45 min/week (16.37) [1, 3,4,5]

   

3. The moderately motivated with moderate volition

414 (36.13%)

4.23 (0.70)

2.35 (0.97)

8.05 (1.14)

3.07 (0.57)

3.59 (0.58)

171.94 min/week (11.64) [1, 2, 5]

   

4. The plan-less motivated

42 (3.67%)

4.59 (0.70)

2.05 (0.97)

8.72 (1.14)

3.33 (0.57)

1.82 (0.58)

237.94 min/week (47.43) [1, 2, 5]

   

5. The highly motivated with high volition

477 (41.62%)

5.08 (0.70)

2.46 (0.97)

9.31 (1.14)

3.89 (0.57)

4.36 (0.58)

372.18 min/week (13.83) [1,2,3,4]

   
      

Wald-Chi-Square-Test

χ2 = 577.69, p < .0005

    

Six latent patterns

       

15,572.57

.81

p = .6366

− 7676.156

p < .00005

1. The moderately motivated with moderate volition

393 (34.29%)

4.25 (0.72)

2.31 (0.97)

8.23 (0.99)

3.07 (0.57)

3.57 (0.57)

177.98 min/week (11.79) [2, 4, 5]

   

2. The intention- and plan-less

58 (5.06%)

2.19 (0.72)

1.68 (0.97)

2.56 (0.99)

2.21 (0.57)

1.27 (0.57)

20.87 min/week (8.28) [1, 3,4,5,6]

   

3. The external motivated with high planning

50 (4.36%)

4.02 (0.72)

2.76 (0.97)

5.33 (0.99)

3.10 (0.57)

3.43 (0.57)

116.76 min/week (37.43) [1, 2, 5, 6]

   

4. The low motivated with low volition

138 (12.04%)

3.16 (0.72)

2.21 (0.97)

6.08 (0.99)

2.53 (0.57)

2.16 (0.57)

87.74 min/week (18.75) [1, 2, 5, 6]

   

5. The highly motivated with high volition

470 (41.01%)

5.08 (0.72)

2.46 (0.97)

9.36 (0.99)

3.90 (0.57)

4.37 (0.57)

372.32 min/week (13.94) [1,2,3]

   

6. The plan-less motivated

37 (3.23%)

4.59 (0.72)

2.02 (0.97)

8.93 (0.99)

3.37 (0.57)

1.79 (0.57)

250.33 min/week (50.04) [2,3,4,5]

   
      

Wald-Chi-Square-Test

χ2 = 566.34, p < .0005

    
  1. BIC Bayesian information criterion, VLMR Vuong-Lo-Mendell-Rubin likelihood ratio test, BLRT bootstrapped likelihood-ratio test. Numbers in brackets indicate that patterns differ significantly at p < .05
  2. aThe BLRT could only be performed without correction for nesting