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Table 4 Multivariable regression analysis of determinants for child development in rural Tanzania*

From: Psychosocial and environmental determinants of child cognitive development in rural south africa and tanzania: findings from the mal-ed cohort

 

Full Scale IQ

SD* [95% CI]

Verbal IQ

SD* [95% CI]

Performance IQ

SD* [95% CI]

Environmental Factors

 Organization of the Environment

1.29 [-2.07, 4.65]

1.29 [-0.71, 3.30]

-0.008 [-1.89, 1.87]

 Provision of Play Material

-3.55*[-6.91, -0.18]

-0.80 [-2.80, 1.21]

-2.75* [-4.63, -0.87]

 Opportunities for Stimulation

3.01 [-1.10, 7.12]

1.78 [-0.67, 4.23]

1.32 [-1.07, 3.53]

 Cleanliness of the Child

1.45 [-2.07, 4.96]

0.61 [-1.48, 2.70]

0.84 [-1.12, 2.80]

 Socioeconomic Status

13.30 [-1.53, 28.13]

3.93 [-4.91, 12.78]

9.37* [1.08, 17.66]

Maternal Factors

 Responsivity of the Caregiver

-2.37 [-6.37, 1.63]

-1.01 [-3.40, 1.37]

-1.35 [-3.59, 0.88]

 Avoidance of Punishment

-5.99 [-12.55, 0.58]

1.75 [-0.32, 3.81]

-3.35 [-7.02, 0.32]

 Promotion of Child Development

-1.81 [-5.78, 2.16]

-0.11 [-3.48, 1.26]

-0.70 [-2.92, 1.52]

 Depressive Symptoms 1,6, 12 mo.

3.93*[0.12, 7.74]

3.11*[0.84, 5.39]

0.82 [-1.31, 2.95]

 Depressive Symptoms 24, 36 mo.

-2.74 [-6.74, 1.26]

-0.92 [-3.31, 1.47]

-1.82 [-4.06, 0.42]

 Depressive Symptoms 60 mo.

0.53 [-4.24, 5.30]

0.57 [-2.27, 3.42]

-0.04 [-2.70, 2.62]

 Maternal Education > 7/10years

2.29 [-11.37, 15.96]

-6.02 [-14.16, 2.13]

8.31* [0.67, 15.84]

  1. * Estimates in the tables above are adjusted for site, birthweight, field assessors, and all other variables in the table.
  2. * SD: WPPSI Score Difference
  3. * P-value < 0.05