| Type 2 diabetes N = 808 | No type 2 diabetes N = 10,013 | Odds Ratio (95% CI) | p-value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total n | n (%) | Total n | n (%) | Â | Â | |
Sociodemographic characteristics | ||||||
Gender | 808 | Â | 10,013 | Â | Â | Â |
Male | Â | 477 (59) | Â | 4819 (48.1) | REF | Â |
Female |  | 331 (41) |  | 5194 (51.9) | 0.64 (0.55, 0.74) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 0 | Â | 0 | Â | Â | Â |
Age | 802 | Â | 9933 | Â | Â | Â |
15-54 | Â | 352 (43.9) | Â | 8646 (87) | REF | Â |
≥ 55 |  | 450 (56.1) |  | 1287 (13) | 8.58 (7.38, 9.99) | <  0.001 |
Missing N%? | 6 (%) | Â | 80 (%) | Â | Â | Â |
Marital status | 806 | Â | 9978 | Â | Â | Â |
Married | Â | 619 (76.8) | Â | 4613 (64.3) | REF | Â |
Not married |  | 187 (23.2) |  | 3565 (35.7) | 0.54 (0.45, 0.64) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 2 | Â | 35 | Â | Â | Â |
Education level | 806 | Â | 9991 | Â | Â | Â |
Primary school or less | Â | 477 (59.2) | Â | 2847 (28.5) | REF | Â |
Elementary or high school College degree or higher education completed |  | 329 (40.8) |  | 7177 (71.5) | 0.27 (0.23, 0.31) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 2 | Â | 22 | Â | Â | Â |
BMI | 797 | Â | 9915 | Â | Â | Â |
Overweight or obesity | Â | 687 (86.2) | Â | 6466 (65.2) | REF | Â |
Normal weight |  | 110 (13.8) |  | 3449 (34.8) | 0.30 (0.24, 0.36) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 11 | Â | 98 | Â | Â | Â |
Lifestyle characteristics | ||||||
Smoking status | 808 | Â | 10,013 | Â | Â | Â |
Previous smoker | Â | 59 (7.3) | Â | 404 (4) | REF | Â |
Current smoker |  | 114 (14.1) |  | 1252 (12.5) | 0.62 (0.44, 0.87) | <  0.001 |
Never smoked |  | 635 (78.6) |  | 8357 (83.5) | 0.52 (0.39, 0.69) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 0 | Â | 0 | Â | Â | Â |
Dietary fat intake | 793 | Â | 9828 | Â | Â | Â |
Vegetable or olive oils | Â | 731 (92.2) | Â | 8993 (91.5) | REF | Â |
Animal fat or margarine or none in particular | Â | 62 (7.8) | Â | 835 (8.5) | 0.91 (0.69, 1.19) | 0.509 |
Missing | 15 | Â | 185 | Â | Â | Â |
Dietary meat intake | 744 | Â | 9048 | Â | Â | Â |
0–7 |  | 559 (75.1) |  | 5859 (64.8) | REF |  |
8+ |  | 185 (24.9) |  | 3189 (35.2) | 0.60 (0.51, 0.72) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 64 | Â | 965 | Â | Â | Â |
Dietary fruit and vegetable intake | 726 | Â | 8885 | Â | Â | Â |
0–2 |  | 377 (51.9) |  | 4628 (52.1) | REF |  |
3+ | Â | 349 (48.1) | Â | 4257 (47.9) | 1.00 (0.86, 1.17) | 0.938 |
Missing | 82 | Â | 1128 | Â | Â | Â |
Dietary fast food intake | 698 | Â | 8661 | Â | Â | Â |
0–1 |  | 603 (86.4) |  | 5557 (64.2) | REF |  |
2+ |  | 95 (13.6) |  | 3104 (35.8) | 0.28 (0.22, 0.35) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 110 | Â | 1352 | Â | Â | Â |
Work physical activity | 808 | Â | 10,013 | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | 800 (99) | Â | 9791 (97.8) | REF | Â |
Yes | Â | 8 (1) | Â | 222 (2.2) | 0.44 (0.21, 0.89) | 0.021 |
Missing | 0 | Â | 0 | Â | Â | Â |
Sport physical activity | 808 | Â | 10,013 | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | 771 (95.4) | Â | 8878 (88.7) | REF | Â |
Yes |  | 37 (4.6) |  | 1135 (11.3) | 0.37 (0.26, 0.52) | <  0.01 |
Missing | 0 | Â | 0 | Â | Â | Â |
Walking behaviour | 802 | Â | 9904 | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | 394 (49.1) | Â | 3991 (40.3) | REF | Â |
Yes |  | 408 (50.9) |  | 5913 (59.7) | 0.69 (0.60, 0.80) | <  0.01 |
Missing | 4 | Â | 109 | Â | Â | Â |
TV viewing time | 709 | Â | 8644 | Â | Â | Â |
0–3 Hours |  | 459 (64.7) |  | 5090 (58.9) | REF |  |
4+ Hours | Â | 250 (35.3) | Â | 3554 (41.1) | 0.78 (0.66, 0.91) | 0.002 |
Missing | 9 | Â | 1369 | Â | Â | Â |
Sitting time | 732 | Â | 8674 | Â | Â | Â |
0–4 Hours |  | 345 (47.7) |  | 4984 (57.5) | REF |  |
5+ Hours |  | 387 (52.3) |  | 3690 (42.5) | 1.48 (1.27, 1.72) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 76 | Â | 1339 | Â | Â | Â |
Health seeking behaviours | ||||||
Hypertension | 808 | Â | 9945 | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | 34 (4.2) | Â | 2610 (26.2) | REF | Â |
Yes |  | 774 (95.8) |  | 7335 (73.8) | 8.10 (5.72, 11.45) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 0 | Â | 68 | Â | Â | Â |
Chronic disease diagnosis | 755 | Â | 9673 | Â | Â | Â |
No | Â | 560 (74.2) | Â | 8923 (92.2) | REF | Â |
Yes |  | 195 (25.8) |  | 750 (7.8) | 4.14 (3.46, 4.95) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 53 | Â | 340 | Â | Â | Â |
Self-reported health status | 806 | Â | 9980 | Â | Â | Â |
Very good or good | Â | 627 (77.8) | Â | 9278 (93) | REF | Â |
Fair or poor |  | 179 (22.2) |  | 702 (7) | 3.77 (3.14, 4.53) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 2 | Â | 33 | Â | Â | Â |
Self-reported health status compared with 12 months | 794 |  | 9896 |  |  |  |
Better or same | Â | 563 (70.9) | Â | 8482 (85.7) | REF | Â |
Worse |  | 231 (29.1) |  | 1414 (14.3) | 2.46 (2.09, 2.89) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 14 | Â | 117 | Â | Â | Â |
Visited health service | 519 | Â | 6781 | Â | Â | Â |
Illness or injury | Â | 66 (12.7) | Â | 1303 (19.2) | REF | Â |
Other services |  | 453 (87.3) |  | 5478 (80.8) | 1.63 (1.25, 2.12) | <  0.001 |
Missing | 289 | Â | 3232 | Â | Â | Â |