Cost of illness for childhood diarrhea in low- and middle-income countries: a systematic review of evidence and modelled estimates

Table 3 Estimated cost of diarrhea illness in children by income group (in 2015 USD)

	Inpatient				Outpatient
	Total	Direct medical	Direct non-medical	Indirect	Total	Direct medical	Direct non-medical	Indirect
All countries (N = 137)
Mean	260.60	144.83	29.84	85.94	56.41	9.23	3.19	43.99
Weighted mean	216.36	112.41	23.16	80.79	52.16	8.03	2.77	41.36
Maximum	1225.36	740.48	152.57	332.31	201.91	25.61	8.83	170.11
Minimum	23.77	8.18	1.69	6.38	8.81	3.49	1.20	3.26
Median	177.20	88.87	18.31	69.39	47.56	7.83	2.70	35.52
SD	243.20	146.77	30.24	71.56	42.64	4.96	1.71	36.63
Low income countries (N = 34)
Mean	45.75	25.67	5.29	14.79	14.02	4.80	1.65	7.57
Weighted mean	44.23	24.40	5.03	14.80	13.94	4.73	1.63	7.58
Maximum	157.71	103.93	21.41	32.36	29.09	9.31	3.21	16.57
Minimum	36.60	8.18	1.69	24.56	18.38	3.49	1.20	12.57
Median	44.02	24.23	4.99	14.52	13.36	4.74	1.63	7.43
SD	22.15	15.06	3.10	4.95	3.51	0.88	0.30	2.53
Lower-middle income countries (N = 47)
Mean	143.09	74.15	15.28	53.66	36.88	7.00	2.41	27.47
Weighted mean	116.59	57.33	11.81	47.45	32.58	6.17	2.13	24.29
Maximum	312.31	205.22	42.28	97.10	63.86	13.43	4.63	49.71
Minimum	36.60	8.18	1.69	24.56	18.38	3.49	1.20	12.57
Median	134.77	68.55	14.12	48.67	35.94	6.76	2.33	24.92
SD	66.70	42.19	8.69	21.81	12.75	1.91	0.66	11.16
Upper-middle income countries (N = 56)
Mean	489.67	276.49	56.97	156.22	98.54	13.81	4.76	79.97
Weighted mean	491.10	259.70	53.51	177.89	108.84	13.22	4.56	91.06
Maximum	1225.36	740.48	152.57	332.31	201.91	25.61	8.83	170.11
Minimum	189.45	62.75	12.93	75.83	51.95	5.66	1.95	38.82
Median	452.14	250.05	51.52	144.59	93.59	13.06	4.50	74.01
SD	220.39	144.63	29.80	56.82	33.45	4.42	1.53	29.08

N represents the number of countries in each income category. The weighted mean is the mean value weighted by the country population under 5 years old (for year 2018) in each income group

ISSN: 1471-2458