A social cost-benefit analysis of meat taxation and a fruit and vegetables subsidy for a healthy and sustainable food consumption in the Netherlands

Table 2 Total societal costs and benefits for all scenarios compared to reference over a 30-year period

Societal Effects	Scenario compared to reference (range)^a
Societal Effects	15% meat tax	30% meat tax	10% fruits and vegetables subsidy
Healthcare costs	€239 – 1613	€462 – 3081	€413 – 848
Health outcomes
QALY €50,000	€834 – 2246	€1598 – 4289	€1043 – 1564
QALY €100,000	€1669 – 4492	€3196 – 8577	€2086 – 3127
Productivity	€313 – 1845	€604 – 3521	€473 – 1007
Environment	€3390	€6336	€−113
Policy revenue	€19,780	€36,334	€−9888
Consumer surplus	€−21,468	€−41,264	€9892
Policy costs	€−20	€−20	€−20
Total welfare benefits (QALY €50,000)	€3069 – 7386	€4050 – 12,276	€1800 – 3289
Total welfare benefits (QALY €100,000)	€3904 – 9632	€5648 – 16,565	€2842 – 4853

^aBased on 100 iterations with the DYNAMO-HIA model using Monte Carlo simulations
Values are expressed in million 2018 euros

ISSN: 1471-2458