Table 2 Specific outcomes by outcome category
Outcome Category | Specific Outcomes Assessed |
|---|---|
Cognitive and academic | Academic achievement/performance Cognitive ability/outcomes/development Executive function IQ Study skills Reading comprehension Intellectual functioning |
Socio-emotional and behavioural | Response to challenge and task persistence:  • Response to academic challenge  • Task persistence  • Processing speed Behavioural and social:  • Behavioural (including peer problems, conduct problems, impulsivity, aggression, anger, and prosocial behaviour)  • Anxiety and stress  • Social-emotional (including social problems, social competence, adjustment issues, and negative emotionality)  • Attention/ADHD  • Risk taking (including substance use, sexual activity, violence-related risk-taking, delinquency, and cheating)  • Self-regulation and inhibitory control  • Depression  • Temperament  • Future beliefs and aspirations  • Empathy  • Callous-unemotional traits and psychopathic characteristics |
Communication | Verbal/expressive vocabulary and non-verbal abilities Receptive vocabulary |
Parenting, family, and household functioning | Parenting:  • Differential parenting  • Parent-child closeness  • Parenting – general  • Parental self-efficacy  • Parental mood  • Harsh parenting  • Discipline  • Sibling relationships  • Sleep-disturbing behaviours of family members  • Parental reactions  • Maternal attribution bias  • Emotional availability  • Child representation of family dysfunction Household characteristics and food security:  • Food security  • Family meal atmosphere |
Parent outcomes | Maternal executive function Parent diet/eating behaviours/weight status Maternal depression Maternal fatigue Maternal/parent sleep |
Hormone | Cortisol levels/profile Autonomic nervous system activity Developmental stability of hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activity Gut biomarkers Inflammatory profile |
Physical health, health behaviours, and communication disorders | Health/disease/disorder outcomes:  • Child weight/weight status  • HbA1c  • Child health  • Stuttering severity  • Physical health symptoms Diet and Dietary behaviours:  • Eating in the absence of hunger  • Maternal feeding goals  • Food-related behaviours Sleep:  • Sleep  • Sleep anxiety Other health behaviours/outcomes:  • TV viewing behaviours in a laboratory setting  • Maternal perceptions about physical activity |