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Table 2 Prevalence Ratios (PR 95% CI) of Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes by psychosocial measures among men and women, JHS (2000–2004)

From: Cumulative psychosocial factors are associated with cardiovascular disease risk factors and management among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study

Psychosocial Measures

Obesity (PR, 95% CI)

Hypertension (PR, 95% CI)

Diabetes (PR, 95% CI)

Men

Women

Men

Women

Men

Women

Cynical distrust

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.11 (0.97–1.27)

1.09 (1.03–1.16)*a

0.98 (0.90–1.07)

0.98 (0.94–1.03)

2.26 (1.56–3.29)*a

0.93 (0.81–1.07)

 High

1.28 (1.12–1.47)*a

1.09 (1.02–1.17)*a

1.12 (1.03–1.23)*a

0.93 (0.87–0.98)Ɨ

3.28 (2.26–4.77)*a

0.98 (0.85–1.15)

P for trend

0.001

0.009

< 0.001

0.02

< 0.001

0.53

Anger In

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.07 (0.93–1.23)

1.04 (0.97–1.11)

1.01 (0.93–1.11)

0.97 (0.92–1.02)

1.60 (1.22–2.09)*a

0.98 (0.84–1.14)

 High

1.37 (1.22–1.53)*a

1.05 (0.99–1.10)

1.06 (0.99–1.15)

0.89 (0.85–0.94)*a

1.81 (1.43–2.29)*a

0.88 (0.77–1.01)

P for trend

< 0.001

0.19

0.24

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.17

Anger Out

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

0.92 (0.80–1.05)

1.16 (1.09–1.23)*a

0.92 (0.84–1.01)

1.02 (0.97–1.07)

0.66 (0.49–0.88)*a

1.07 (0.94–1.23)Ɨ

 High

1.23 (1.10–1.37)*a

1.01 (0.96–1.08)

1.04 (0.96–1.11)

0.96 (0.91–1.01)Ɨ

1.26 (1.03–1.53)*a

0.88 (0.77–1.02)

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.03

0.05

< 0.001

0.04

Depressive symptoms

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.12 (0.99–1.26)

1.09 (1.02–1.16)*a

1.02 (0.95–1.10)

1.11 (1.05–1.17)*a

1.04 (0.81–1.32)

1.04 (0.89–1.20)

 High

1.07 (0.94–1.21)

1.13 (1.06–1.21)*a

0.99 (0.92–1.08)

1.08 (1.02–1.13)*a

1.33 (1.06–1.67)*a

0.89 (0.76–1.03)

P for trend

0.15

0.001

0.76

< 0.001

0.02

0.07

Global Stress

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.21 (1.12–1.30)*a

1.05 (1.01–1.10)*

0.95 (0.91–0.99)

1.03 (1.00–1.06)Ɨ

0.97 (0.85–1.10)

1.19 (1.08–1.31)*a

 High

1.26 (1.16–1.36)*a

1.16 (1.11–1.20)*a

1.10 (1.05–1.15)*a

1.02 (0.99–1.05)

1.01 (0.88–1.16)

1.27 (1.15–1.40)*a

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.20

0.86

< 0.001

Weekly Stress-Event

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.19 (1.06–1.33)*a

1.08 (1.02–1.14)*a

0.88 (0.82–0.95)*a

0.97 (0.93–1.01)

1.08 (0.87–1.33)

0.70 (0.62–0.79)*a

 High

1.04 (0.94–1.17)

1.11 (1.05–1.17)*a

0.96 (0.90–1.03)

0.96 (0.92–1.00)Ɨ

1.25 (1.03–1.52)*a

0.75 (0.67–0.85)*a

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.003

0.10

0.08

< 0.001

Weekly Stress-Impact

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.09 (0.96–1.24)

0.96 (0.90–1.03)

1.00 (0.92–1.09)

0.95 (0.90–1.00)Ɨ

1.21 (0.91–1.60)

1.07 (0.91–1.27)

 High

1.00 (0.86–1.15)

1.05 (0.98–1.12)

0.97 (0.88–1.06)

0.99 (0.94–1.04)

1.70 (1.31–2.21)*a

0.96 (0.80–1.14)

P for trend

0.33

0.04

0.72

0.15

< 0.001

0.41

Major Life Events

 Low (referent)

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

1.0

 Medium

1.24 (1.14–1.34)*a

1.05 (1.00–1.09)

0.99 (0.94–1.05)

0.95 (0.91–0.98)*a

1.01 (0.86–1.18)

1.18 (1.07–1.30)*a

 High

1.18 (1.09–1.28)*a

1.19 (1.14–1.23)*a

1.03 (0.98–1.09)

1.07 (1.04–1.10)*a

1.09 (0.94–1.26)

1.34 (1.22–1.48)*a

P for trend

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.37

< 0.001

0.53

< 0.001

  1. *Bold indicates p value < 0.05. ƗP value < 0.10. Abbreviations CI Confidence interval, WSI Weekly stress inventory, SD Standard deviation. Models adjusted for age, education, income, physical activity, smoking, fat intake, alcohol consumption and body mass index (hypertension and diabetes analysis). Multiple imputation for missing data in covariates based on 5 data sets. a Bonferroni Correction with p value < 0.02