Table 1 Sociodemographic data for all participants

ALL CARERS

KIBS1

N = 4172

n (%)

KIBS2

N = 929

n (%)

P value

Relationship with the child

 Mother

3659 (87.7)

788 (84.8)

 Grandmother

196 (4.7)

61 (6.6)

 Father

36 (0.9)

6 (0.6)

 Other relative

203 (4.9)

59 (6.4)

 Non relative caregiver

78 (1.9)

15 (1.6)

 African

4094 (98.1)

898 (96.7)

 Coloured

19 (0.5)

8 (0.9)

 Indian origin

46 (1.1)

16 (1.7)

 White

13 (0.3)

1 (0.1)

 Other

0

6 (0.6)

 Sex of baby (% male)

2045 (49.0)

472 (50.8)

Mother characteristics

N = 3659

n (%)

N = 788

n (%)

  Aged under 18 years

273 (7.5)

37 (4.7)

  Has more than one child

2010 (54.9)

449 (57.0)

  In a relationship with the child’s father

3244 (88.7)

740 (93.9)

  Staying in same house as child’s father

874 (23.9)

221 (28.0)

  Mother is HIV positive

1274 (34.8)

303 (38.7)

Mothers education level

  None

36 (1.0)

9 (1.1)

  Completed Grade 1–7

288 (7.9)

44 (5.6)

  Completed Grades 8–11

1884 (51.5)

293 (37.2)

  Completed Grade 12 or above

1451 (39.7)

442 (56.1)

  Mother has returned to school since birth

246 (6.7)

38 (4.8)

  Mother had returned to work since birth

296 (8.1)

65(8.2)

  Receives child support grant for any child

2445 (66.8)

465 (59.0)

 Mother lives in rural area

2498 (68.3)

511 (64.8)

Water source

 Piped in house/yard

2023 (55.3)

499 (63.3)

 Piped public tap

874 (23.9)

155 (19.7)

 Other safe water source (tanker truck)

63 (1.7)

26 (3.0)

 Unsafe water source

699 (19.1)

108 (13.7)

 Yes

2922 (79.9)

698 (88.6)

Fuel used for cooking

 Electricity

2274 (62.1)

618 (78.4)

 Wood

1010 (27.6)

122 (15.5)

 Other (gas, paraffin, cow dung)

375 (10.3)

48 (6.1)

Type of toilet

 Ventilated pit latrine

1746 (47.7)

345 (43.8)

 Pit latrine

955 (26.1)

149 (18.9)

 Flush toilet in house / yard

873 (23.9)

287 (36.4)

 Bucket, Bush, No toilet

85 (2.3)

7 (0.9)