Content | Change strategies | |
---|---|---|
Session 1. (Improvement of beliefs) | Benefits of healthy back behavior and back pain prevention. When having a backache, sitting, swimming, running, participating in physical education, cycling and lifting heavy objects are dangerous. | - Group discussion |
- Role playing | ||
- Recording pupils’ thoughts and experiences about back pain | ||
Session 2. (Improvement of knowledge) | A review of the anatomy of the spine focused on the three natural curves in the spine and the importance of maintaining an ‘S’ curve versus a ‘C’ curve during daily activity. Instruction of proper posture during sitting, standing, lifting a load, carrying a load, transferring a load; packing a backpack and correctly carrying a backpack. | - Lecture |
- Brainstorm, Q & A | ||
- Slides show | ||
- Posters | ||
- Pamphlets | ||
Session 3,4. (Improvement of skills) | Mastery learning and practical demonstration of the back care essential skills included: | - Direct experience |
- Vicarious experience | ||
1- Backpack wearing techniques: |
- Demonstration, re- demonstration | |
• Using 2 straps. | ||
• Firming both straps to keep the pack above the waist. | ||
• Balancing the load so the heaviest books are closer to the back. | ||
• Not carrying more than 10% of the body weight. | ||
2- Maintain a neutral spine: | ||
• Keeping the ‘S’ curve. | ||
• Avoiding the ‘C’ curve for good posture. | ||
3- Lifting techniques: | ||
• Keeping feet apart. | ||
• Bending the knees and not waist. | ||
• Keeping the load close to the body. | ||
• Keeping the back straight. | ||
• Pushing up with the legs. | ||
4- Carrying techniques: | ||
• Keeping the load close. | ||
• Bending the knees to set the load down. | ||
5- Balancing the load: | ||
• Using 2 smaller bags instead of 1 large bag. | ||
• Carrying items in both hands. | ||
6- Picking up a load from a Table: | ||
• Pivoting or moving the feet, not twisting. | ||
• Keeping the load close. | ||
7- Proper sitting posture: | ||
• Sitting up straight. Avoiding slouching forward. | ||
• Keeping both feet on the floor. | ||
• Rolling side to side to feel the ‘sit bones’. | ||
8- Proper standing posture: | ||
• Standing up straight like a stack of bricks. | ||
• Lining up the ear – shoulder – hip – knee – ankle. | ||
• Pulling in the belly button to tuck the hips in correctly. | ||
• Rolling the shoulders back. | ||
Session 5,6. (Improvement of self-efficacy) | 1- Achieving back strengthening and flexibility exercises. | - Mastery experience |
- Goal setting | ||
2- Attaining a natural curvature of the spine: • Keeping the ‘S’ curve. • Avoiding the ‘C’ curve for good posture. | - Social modeling | |
- Improving physical and emotional states | ||
3- Minimal loading of the book bag. | - Verbal persuasion | |
4- Paying attention to ergonomically postures during sitting, standing, lifting a load, carrying a load, transferring a load, and carrying a backpack. |