Drinking patterns and hydration biomarkers among young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluids intake in Baoding, Hebei Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Table 4 The characteristics of 24 h urine among participants consuming different levels of total drinking fluids

	LD₁ (n = 39)		LD₂ (n = 39)		LD₃ (n = 39)		HD (n = 39)		Total (n = 156)
	M	Q	M	Q	M	Q	M	Q	M	Q
24-h Volume (mL)	1076	370	1256^d	500	1462^b,f	671	1869^c,e	747	1370	668
24-h urine Osmolality (mOsm/kg)	730	238	671	337	512	303	430^c,e	280	587	309
(≤500 mOsm/kg, n, %)	5 (12.8%)^*		13 (33.3%)		18 (46.2%)^b		22 (56.4%)^c		58 (37.2%)
Na (mmol/L)	200	123	171	95	175	101	148^c	110	175	101
K (mmol/L)	39.4	20	36.2	18.2	30.1^b,f	19.7	26.7^c,e	17.0	33.75	19.42
Cl (mmol/L)	202	106	174	101	168	114	148^c	108	169	104
Mg (mmol/L)	2.90	0.96	3.11	1.39	2.42	1.26	1.89^c,e	1.11	2.50	1.54
Ca (mmol/L)	2.47	2	2.21	1.59	2.10	1.25	1.55	1.06	2.09	1.54
Phosphate (mmol/L)	15.91	6.54	17.36	12.66	13.34	10.56	11.45^c,e	9.05	14.89	8.91
Creatinine (mmol/L)	10.48	3.45	10.20^d	6.82	8.24^b	6.59	7.67^c	4.97	8.95	5.17
Uric acid (mmol/L)	2.76	0.92	2.79	1.22	2.07^b	1.66	1.96^c,e	1.14	2.39	1.33
Urea (mmol/L)	230.30	108.13	231.50	162.87	179	135	154^c,e	117	200.42	126.95
USG	1.015	0.003	1.017	0.007	1.015	0.006	1.013^c,e	0.002	1.015	0.005
pH	6.8	0.5	6.7	0.3	6.7	0.3	6.7	0.3	6.7	0.3

Values are shown as the median (M) and quartile ranges (Q); ^*χ² = 23.215, P < 0.05;
^aThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and LD₂ groups, p < 0.05; ^bThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and LD₃ groups, p < 0.05; ^cThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and HD groups, p < 0.05; ^dThere was statistically significant difference between LD₂ and LD₃ groups, p < 0.05; ^eThere was statistically significant difference between LD₂ and HD groups, p < 0.05; ^fThere was statistically significant difference between LD₃ and HD groups, p < 0.05

ISSN: 1471-2458