Drinking patterns and hydration biomarkers among young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluids intake in Baoding, Hebei Province, China: a cross-sectional study

Zhang, Jianfen; Zhang, Na; Wang, Yan; Liang, Shuxin; Liu, Shufang; Du, Songming; Xu, Yifan; He, Hairong; Cai, Hao; Ma, Guansheng

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08558-z

Table 3 The TWI, total drinking fluids and water from food among participants consuming different levels of total drinking fluids

From: Drinking patterns and hydration biomarkers among young adults with different levels of habitual total drinking fluids intake in Baoding, Hebei Province, China: a cross-sectional study

	LD₁ (n = 39)			LD₂ (n = 39)			LD₃ (n = 39)			HD (n = 39)			Total (n = 156)
	M	Q	%	M	Q	%	M	Q	%	M	Q	%	M	Q	%
Total drinking fluids (mL)	681^a	226	38.7%^a	967^d	114	45.5%^d	1251^b,f	156	52.0%^b,f	1766^c,e	521	59.1%^c,e	1135	620	50.6%
Water (mL)	564^a	356	77.3%	745^d	194	76.6%	1082^b,f	351	79.5%	1613^c,e	494	85.6%	866	642	81.0%
Tea (mL)	0	0	1.2%	0	0	0.8%	0	0	0.5%	0	0	1.2%	0	0	1.0%
Milk and milk products (mL)	39	71	7.1%	66	158	8.9%	21	146	6.6%	71	184	5.2%	43	131	6.6%
SSBs (mL)	36	106	10.3%	57	113	10.6%	46	173	9.2%	16	71	5.0%	43	112	8.0%
Alcohol (mL)	0	0	0%	0	0	0.4%	0	0	1.0%	0	0	0.8%	0	0	0.7%
Others (mL)	11	36	3.8%	0	21	2.5%	9	45	3.2%	0	40	2.0%	0	17	2.7%
Water from food (mL)	1018^a	374	61.3%^a	1134^b	357	54.5%^d	1175^b	383	48.0%^b,f	1300^c,e	424	40.9%^c,e	1174	373	49.4%
Staple food (mL)	274	145	26.4%	338	131	26.8%	297	152	26.3%	323	162	25.6%	301	141	26.3%
Dishes (mL)	544	228	52.5%	626	210	51.7%	624^b	215	54.2%	676^c,e	269	50.8%	620	217	52.2%
Soup (mL)	83	203	10.7%	34	194	8.6%	93	186	9.9%	104	202	11.2%	93	195	10.1%
Porridge (mL)	86	168	10.1%	132	202	12.1%	95	150	9.0%	92	259	10.5%	97	182	10.4%
Snacks (mL)	0	0	0.5%	0	0	0.8%	0^f	0	0.6%^f	0^c,e	0	1.8%^c,e	0	0	0.9%
Total water intake (mL)	1735^a	467	_	2142^d	467	_	2454^b,f	339	_	3118^c,e	709	_	2342	844	_

Values are shown as the median (M) and quartile ranges (Q)
^aThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and LD₂ groups, p < 0.05; ^bThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and LD₃ groups, p < 0.05; ^cThere was statistically significant difference between LD₁ and HD groups, p < 0.05; ^dThere was statistically significant difference between LD₂ and LD₃ groups, p < 0.05; ^eThere was statistically significant difference between LD₂ and HD groups, p < 0.05; ^fThere was statistically significant difference between LD₃ and HD groups, p < 0.05
%: Contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI; percentages of different fluids in total drinking fluids; proportions of water from different foods in water from food
There were statistical significances in the amounts of TWI, total drinking fluids and water from food (χ² = 121.262, P<0.001; χ² = 145.319, P<0.001; χ² = 18.941, P<0.001) among the four groups, respectively. There were statistical significances in the contributions of total drinking fluids and water from food to TWI, respectively (F = 86.910, P = 0.000; F = 86.910, P = 0.000). There were statistical significances in the consumption of water among the four groups (χ² = 108.966, P<0.001). The water from dishes and snacks were different in the four groups (χ² = 12.549, P = 0.006; χ² = 8.746, P = 0.033), but no significant differences were found in the staple food, soup and porridge (χ² = 7.377, P = 0.061; χ² = 3.160, P = 0.368; χ² = 1.838, P = 0.607). The contributions of snacks to water from food among the four groups were different (χ² = 8.331, P = 0.040)

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