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Table 1 Unadjusted and adjusted associations between baseline characteristics and ART prescription and viral suppression among people with HIV and opioid use disorder in Vietnam, 2015–2019

From: HIV care continuum characteristics among people with opioid use disorder and HIV in Vietnam: baseline results from the BRAVO study

 

All participants

(n = 283)

Prescribed ART

n = 191/273 (70.0%)

Virally suppressed

n = 189/283 (66.8%)

n (%)

Unadjusted

n (%)

Adjusted

aOR (95% CI)

Unadjusted

n (%)

Adjusted

aOR (95% CI)

Mean Age (SD)

38.3 (6.1)

p = 0.102

38.8 (6.0)

1.02 (0.97, 1.07)

p = 0.02

38.8 (6.0)

1.04 (0.98, 1.10)

Gender (male)

274 (96.8%)

–

–

–

–

Greater than 9th grade education

 

p = 0.86

–

p = 0.84

–

 Yes

115 (40.6%)

77 (40.3%)

 

76 (40.2%)

 

 No

168 (59.4%)

114 (59.7%)

 

113 (60.0%)

 

Employed

 

p = 0.31

–

p = 0.12

–

 Yes

130 (45.9%)

92 (48.2%)

 

93 (49.2%)

 

 No

153 (54.1%)

99 (51.8%)

 

96 (50.8%)

 

Married

 

p = 0.003

2.83 (1.51, 5.34)

p = 0.004

1.44 (0.69, 3.03)

 Yes

109 (38.5%)

85 (44.5%)

 

84 (44.4%)

 

 No

174 (61.5%)

106 (55.5%)

 

105 (55.6%)

 

History of arrest (n = 280)

 

–

–

–

–

 Yes

234 (82.7%)

    

 No

46 (16.3%)

    

Lifetime number of arrests (n = 282)

2.2 (1.7)

p = 0.13 2.3 (1.7)

–

p = 0.17 2.3 (1.7)

–

History of 06 rehabilitation

 

p = 0.03

1.58 (0.88, 2.85)

p = 0.07

1.14 (0.55, 2.34)

 Yes

172 (60.8%)

125 (65.4%)

 

112 (59.3%)

 

 No

111 (39.2%)

66 (34.6%)

 

67 (35.4%)

 

Currently on ART (n = 273)

 

–

–

p < 0.001

25.4 (12.13,

 Yes

191 (67.5%)

  

168 (88.9%)

53.11)

 No

92 (32.5%)

  

17 (9.0%)

 

Mean Years since HIV diagnosis (SD)

7.4 (5.7)

p = < 0.0001

8.4 (5.4)

1.12 (1.06, 1.19)

p = 0.002

8.1 (5.5)

0.99 (0.93, 1.06)

Mean CD4 cell count (SD)

405.0 (224.1)

–

–

–

–

Daily tobacco use

 

p = 0.24

–

p = 0.52

–

 Yes

232 (82.0%)

154 (80.6%)

 

153 (81.0%)

 

 No

51 (18.0%)

37 (19.4%)

 

36 (19.0%)

 

Risky alcohol use (n = 266)

 

p = 0.14

–

p = 0.41

–

 Yes

90 (31.8%)

56 (29.3%)

 

53 (28.0%)

 

 No

193 (68.2%)

126 (66.0%)

 

130 (68.8%)

 

Positive UDS for Methamphetaminesa

 

p = 0.07

0.55 (0.28, 1.09)

p = 0.08

0.74 (0.32, 1.70)

 Yes

53 (18.7%)

31 (16.2%)

 

30 (15.9%)

 

 No

230 (81.3%)

160 (83.8%)

 

159 (84.1%)

 

Positive UDS for methadone

 

–

–

–

–

 Yes

4 (1.4%)

    

 No

279 (98.6%)

    

Positive UDS for buprenorphine

 

–

–

–

–

 Yes

1 (0.4%)

    

 No

282 (99.6%)

    

DASS Anxiety Sub-score (SD)

4.5 (8.3)

p = 0.77

4.42 (9.8)

–

p = 0.99

4.48 (9.8)

–

DASS Stress Sub-score (SD)

5.4 (12.1)

p = 0.69

5.7 (14.4)

–

p = 0.57

5.7 (14.5)

–

DASS Depression Sub-score (SD)

6.1 (10.2)

p = 0.02

5.1 (7.3)

0.97 (0.94, 0.9963)

p = 0.07

5.3 (7.4)

0.99 (0.96, 1.03)

  1. aIncludes methamphetamines and amphetamines