Factors associated with low handgrip strength in older people: data of the Study of Chronic Diseases (Edoc-I)

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Prevalence of Low HGS by sex, according to sociodemographic characteristics and life habits among older people

Variables	Overall				Men				Women
	Low HGS (≤P20)				Low HGS (≤P20)				Low HGS (≤P20)
	n	N	%	χ²	n	N	%	χ²	n	N	%	χ²
Total	169	4054	17.3	–	66	1822	16.7	–	103	2232	17.8	–
Age (age group)				0.592				0.751				0.517
60–69 years old	78	2228	16.6		31	1061	16.9		47	1166	16.4
70–79 years old	58	1168	17,5		21	468	15.2		37	700	19.4
≥ 80 years old	33	658	19,7		14	292	19.0		19	365	20.4
Referred skin color				0.705				0.509				0.810
White	43	1023	18.3		18	493	19.7		25	530	17.1
Non-white	126	3031	17.0		48	1329	15.8		78	1702	18.0
Marital status ^a				0.122				0.087				0.587
With partner	53	1323	14.7		28	736	13.7		25	587	16.2
Without partner	115	2712	19.0		38	1086	20.0		77	1626	18.4
Education				0.045				0.155				0.137
Illiterate	71	1678	20.7		27	733	19.5		44	944	21.8
Elementary School	80	1955	17.3		34	960	17.7		46	995	16.9
High School	18	421	11.0		5	129	8.0		13	293	13.2
Physical activity in leisure ^a				0.007				0.100				0.056
Active	6	155	6.9		3	88	7.6		3	67	6.0
Sedentary	161	3857	18.6		61	1693	17.7		100	2164	19.4
Occupational Physical Activity or in Displacement				0.007				0.052				0.014
Active	57	1415	13.3		19	531	12.2		38	884	14.1
Sedentary	112	2638	20.6		47	1291	19.7		65	1347	21.6
Screen time per day ^a				0.984				0.974				0.962
Up to 3 h	119	2927	17.1		47	1334	16.3		72	1592	17.8
More than 3 h	46	1034	17.1		16	413	16.4		30	620	17.7
Smoking				0,073				0.065				0.417
Non-smoker	20	500	11.7		9	258	9.9		11	242	14.4
Smoker, ex-smoker	149	3553	18.6		57	1564	18.9		92	1989	18.4
Alcohol consumption ^a				0,193				0.234				0.690
No	152	3580	17.8		55	1497	11.0		97	2083	14.7
Yes	9	255	11.8		6	182	17.4		3	73	18.0

^amissing; n = number of observations in the sample; N = population inference based on the sample weights; % = estimated prevalence based on weighted frequencies; χ ² = p-value of the Pearson Chi-square test

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