Table 2 Associations among cyberbullying, self-harm and suicidal behaviors among adolescents
| Â | Self-harm | Suicidal Ideation | Suicidal Planning | Suicide Attempts | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | OR (95%CI) | AOR (95%CI) | |
Gender | ||||||||
 Male | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Female | 0.92 (0.50, 1.67) | 1.03 (0.54, 1.56) | 2.17 (1.16, 4.07)* | 2.30 (1.19, 4.44)* | 1.53 (0.61, 3.85) | 1.84 (0.68, 4.94) | 2.22 (0.55, 8.95) | 2.71 (0.59, 12.4) |
Perceived academic pressure | ||||||||
 A little/None | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Some | 0.77 (0.31, 1.91) | 0.75 (0.29, 1.94) | 1.40 (0.63, 3.12) | 1.41 (0.63, 3.19) | 0.63 (0.14, 2.89) | 0.66 (0.14, 3.06) | 1.17 (0.12, 11.37) | 1.25 (0.13, 12.53) |
 Much | 2.44 (1.21, 4.93)* | 2.22 (1.04, 4.74)* | 3.15 (1.55, 6.39)* | 3.12 (1.51, 6.69)* | 2.64 (0.95, 7.33) | 2.33 (0.79, 6.83) | 8.13 (1.91, 34.62)** | 7.76 (1.59, 37.86)** |
Unhealthy behaviors | ||||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 7.02 (2.71, 18.23)** | 6.39 (2.19, 18.61)** | 3.09 (1.00, 9.54)* | 2.99 (0.88, 10.14) | 6.02 (1.62, 22.42)* | 7.48 (1.68, 33.40)* | 3.68 (0.44, 30.77) | 7.23 (0.65, 80.34) |
Use of Internet devices (per day) | ||||||||
  < 1 h | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 1–2 h | 0.85 (0.44, 1.62) | 0.80 (0.40, 1.61) | 1.27 (0.67, 2.41) | 1.30 (0.67, 2.54) | 0.48 (0.16, 1.50) | 0.43 (0.13, 1.42) | 0.53 (0.11, 2.64) | 0.58 (0.11, 3.24) |
  > 2 h | 0.88 (0.26, 3.00) | 0.76 (0.20, 2.85) | 1.89 (0.68, 5.25) | 1.95 (0.66, 5.71) | 1.28 (0.28, 5.87) | 1.13 (0.23, 5.67) | 1.38 (0.16, 11.75) | 1.74 (0.17, 17.30) |
Family living situation | ||||||||
 Both parents | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Mother or father | 1.82 (0.68, 4.90) | 2.03 (0.71, 5.75) | 1.23 (0.42, 3.60) | 1.26 (0.41, 3.85) | 0.73 (0.10, 5.65) | 0.73 (0.09, 5.98) | 1.99 (0.24, 16.87) | 2.22 (0.23, 21.75) |
 Others | 4.22 (1.71, 10.42)* | 5.26 (2.04, 13.60)** | 1.35 (3.95, 4.63)* | 1.58 (0.44, 5.65) | 2.22 (0.49, 10.10) | 2.54 (0.54, 12.05) | 6.03 (1.17, 31.12)* | 8.41 (1.38, 51.45)* |
School bullying | ||||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 1.73 (0.87, 3.46) | 1.46 (0.69, 3.08) | 1.52 (0.75, 3.10) | 1.17 (0.54, 2.52) | 1.70 (0.60, 4.83) | 1.46 (0.48, 4.40) | 3.85 (1.02, 14.56) | 3.05 (0.71, 13.04) |
Cyberbullying | ||||||||
 No | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | 3.71 (1.77, 7.78)* | 2.97 (1.32, 6.71)* | 2.75 (1.25,6.02)* | 2.10 (0.90, 4.88) | 2.84 (0.91, 8.86) | 1.90 (0.56, 6.43) | 1.28 (0.16, 10.39) | 0.55 (0.06, 5.43) |
Self-harm | ||||||||
 No | – | – | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 | 1.00 |
 Yes | – | – | 7.79 (3.79, 16.04)* | 6.93 (3.09, 15.56)* | 18.30 (7.00, 47.86)* | 14.37 (4.95, 41.73)* | 18.23 (4.72, 70.49)* | 10.95 (2.27, 52.93)* |