Table 2 Sleep-wake pattern in the groups with sleep problems

Sleep duration on weekdays (h)

5.9 ± 1.2

5.7 ± 1.3

5.0 ± 0.5

6.8 ± 0.9

4.3 ± 1.0

Sleep duration on weekends (h)

8.0 ± 1.5

7.9 ± 1.6

8.5 ± 1.6

7.4 ± 1.1

8.6 ± 1.8

Bedtime on weekdays (h:m)

0:44 ± 1:07

0:57 ± 1:12

0:10 ± 0:22

1:34 ± 0:38

2:20 ± 1:01

Bedtime on weekends (h:m)

0:55 ± 1:24

1:06 ± 1:28

0:39 ± 2:11

1:51 ± 0:46

2:31 ± 1:20

Wake-up time on weekdays (h:m)

6:48 ± 1:03

6:44 ± 1:03

5:42 ± 0:42

8:31 ± 0:50

6:46 ± 0:54

Wake-up time on weekends (h:m)

9:02 ± 1:48

9:11 ± 1:57

9:21 ± 1:41

9:32 ± 0:53

11:20 ± 1:43

Extension of sleep duration on weekends (h)

2.1 ± 1.7

2.3 ± 2.0

3.5 ± 1.5

0.7 ± 0.6

4.4 ± 1.8

MEQ score

48.6 ± 7.5

47.9 ± 7.7

51.0 ± 6.2

37.1 ± 2.8

36.9 ± 4.3

 Morning-type n (%)

95 (9.2)

22 (8.6)

4 (14.3)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Neutral-type n (%)

693 (67.0)

165 (64.2)

24 (85.7)

0 (0)

0 (0)

 Evening-type n (%)

168 (16.2)

47 (18.3)

0 (0)

20 (100)

46 (100)

 N/A n (%)

78 (7.5)

23 (8.9)

–

–

–

Athenes Insomnia Scale score

6.2 ± 3.7

9.7 ± 3.1

7.5 ± 3.7

6.3 ± 3.7

8.4 ± 3.6

Athenes Insomnia Scale score ≥ 6 n (%)

544 (52.6)

257 (100)

19 (67.9)

11 (55.0)

36 (78.3)

Insomnia^b n (%)

257 (24.9)

257 (100)

8 (28.6)

4 (20.0)

20 (43.5)

Epworth Sleepiness Scale score

11.4 ± 4.6

12.4 ± 4.4

14.6 ± 2.9

11.0 ± 4.0

14.7 ± 3.2

Epworth Sleepiness Scale score ≥ 11 n (%)

580 (56.1)

167 (65.0)

28 (100)

12 (60.0)

46 (100)

Sleep duration on weekdays < 6 h n (%)

395 (38.2)

119 (46.3)

28 (100)

0 (0)

46 (100)

Bed time after 1:00 am on weekdays n (%)

534 (51.6)

153 (59.5)

0 (0)

20 (100)

46 (100)