Table 1 Baseline characteristics of participants by incident NAFLD status ^a

No. of subjects

29,749

6245

Age (y) ^c

38.3 (38.2, 38.4)

41.4 (41.1, 41.7)

<  0.0001

Sex (males, %)

36.9

62.1

<  0.0001

BMI (kg/m²)

22.2 (22.2, 22.3)

24.9 (24.8, 25.0)

<  0.0001

Waist circumference (cm)

75.4 (75.4, 75.5)

83.4 (83.1, 83.6)

<  0.0001

Metabolic syndromes (yes, %)

8.3

26.6

<  0.0001

TC

4.62 (4.62, 4.63)

4.83 (4.81, 4.86)

<  0.0001

LDL

2.65 (2.65, 2.66)

2.90 (2.88, 2.92)

<  0.0001

TG

0.87 (0.87, 0.88)

1.24 (1.22, 1.25)

<  0.0001

HDL

1.48 (1.48, 1.48)

1.28 (1.27, 1.28)

<  0.0001

FBG

4.78 (4.78, 4.78)

4.89 (4.88, 4.91)

<  0.0001

SBP

114.6 (114.6, 114.8)

120.4 (120.1, 120.8)

<  0.0001

DBP

72.1 (72.1, 72.2)

76.1 (75.9, 76.4)

<  0.0001

ALT (U/L)

15.2 (15.2, 15.3)

20.1 (19.8, 20.3)

<  0.0001

Smoking status (%)

–

 Smoker

14.3

26.6

<  0.0001

 Ex-smoker

2.0

4.3

<  0.0001

 Non-smoker

83.7

69.2

<  0.0001

 Everyday

1.6

2.4

<  0.0001

 Sometime

37.3

47.4

<  0.0001

 Ex-drinker

4.2

4.5

0.27

 Non-drinker

56.9

45.7

<  0.0001

 CVD

28.1

34.8

<  0.0001

 Hypertension

48.0

55.3

<  0.0001

 Hyperlipidemia

0.5

0.6

0.055

 Diabetes

20.7

26.0

<  0.0001