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Table 3 Indications of effectiveness of MBSR and LSR compared with a waiting list control group 12 weeks from baseline (regression analysis). A three-armed pilot RCT among individuals seeking help due to stress in a Danish Municipal Health Care Center (19 + 20 + 18 in the MBSR, Waiting list and LSR group, respectively), 2018

From: A pilot randomised trial comparing a mindfulness-based stress reduction course, a locally-developed stress reduction intervention and a waiting list control group in a real-life municipal health care setting

Change 12 weeks from baseline, mean (95% CI)

Difference compared with waiting list control group, mean (95%CI)

Adjusteda difference compared with waiting list control group, mean (95%CI)

Self-reported outcomes (score-points)

Perceived Stress (PSS)

  MBSR: −8.3 (−11.1 to −5.5)

−2.8 (−6.3 to 0.7)

− 2.9 (− 6.7 to 0.8)b

  WAITING LIST: − 5.5 (− 7.8 to − 3.2)

  

  LSR: − 6.3 (− 9.4 to − 3.1)

− 0.8 (− 4.4 to 2.9)

− 0.8 (− 5.3 to 3.6)b

Symptoms anxiety and depression (SCL_5)

  MBSR: − 0.8 (− 1.1 to − 0.5)

−0.2 (− 0.6 to 0.2)

−0.3 (− 0.7 to 0.1)b

  WAITING LIST: − 0.6 (− 0.8 to − 0.3)

  

  LSR: − 0.6 (− 1.0 to − 0.2)

−0.01 (− 0.4 to 0.4)

0.06 (− 0.5 to 0.4)b

Well-being (WHO-5)

  MBSR: 22.1 (12.3 to 31.9)

13.3 (−0.1 to 26.6)

12.9 (1.2 to 25.6)b

  WAITING LIST: 8.8 (−0.9 to 18.6)

  

  LSR: 20.0 (10.5 to 29.5)

11.2 (− 2.1 to 24.4)

6.3 (−6.4 to 18.9)b

Resilience (BRS)

  MBSR: 0.5 (0.2 to 0.8)

0.4 (−0.1 to 0.9)

0.5 (0.1 to 0.9)b

  WAITING LIST: 0.1 (−0.2 to 0.5)

  

  LSR: 0.2 (−0.4 to 0.7)

0.0 (−0.5 to 0.6)

0.1 (− 0.5 to 0.6)b

Clinical outcomes

Systolic blood pressure, mmHg

  MBSR: − 3.6 (− 7.7 to 0.5)

1.3 (−4.0 to 6.6)

1.5 (− 4.3 to 7.3)c

  WAITING LIST: − 4.9 (− 8.6 to − 1.2)

  

  LSR: − 4.3 (− 9.7 to 1.0)

0.6 (− 5.5 to 6.7)

4.9 (− 0.2 to 10.1)c

Diastolic blood pressure, mmHg

  MBSR: − 2.2 (− 5.5 to 2.0)

1.8 (− 2.0 to 5.7)

0.7 (− 3.4 to 5.2)c

  WAITING LIST: − 4.1 (− 6.5 to − 1.6)

  

  LSR: − 4.5 (− 7.7 to − 1.4)

− 0.5 (− 4.2 to 3.3)

1.4 (− 2.6 to 5.4)c

Waist circumference, cm

  

  MBSR: 1.3 (− 0.8 to 3.4)

5.8 (2.1 to 9.5)

4.6 (0.8 to 8.5)d

  WAITING LIST: − 4.5 (− 7.6 to − 1.4)

  

  LSR: − 0.3 (− 3.2 to 2.7)

4.3 (0.1 to 8.5)

5.0 (0.8 to 9.2)d

Weight, Kg

  MBSR: − 0.3 (− 1.5 to 0.9)

0.4 (− 0.9 to 1.8)

0.8 (− 0.5 to 2.2)d

  WAITING LIST: − 0.7 (− 1.4 to 0.0)

  

  LSR: 0.2 (− 1.1 to 1.5)

0.9 (− 0.5 to 2.2)

1.0 (− 0.5 to 2.6)d

  1. RCT randomised controlled trial, MBSR mindfulness based stress reduction, LSR locally developed stress reduction intervention, CI confidence interval, PSS perceived stress scale, SCL-5 Hopkins Symptom Check List-5, WHO-5 WHO-5-wellbeing scale, BRS brief resilience scale, aAdjusted for age, sex, educational level, history of mental disorder, b also adjusted for baseline PSS, SCL-5, WHO-5 and BRS, c also adjusted for baseline systolic and diastolic bold pressure, c also adjusted for baseline BMI, weight and waist circumference