Correlates of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption of Malaysian preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years

Foo, Leng Huat; Lee, Ying Huoy; Suhaida, Che Yahya; Hills, Andrew P.

doi:10.1186/s12889-020-08461-7

BMC Public Health

Table 2 Crude- and adjusted logistic regression analysis of associations between SSB consumption of preschoolers and diet, physical activity and socio-demographic factors^a (N = 590)

From: Correlates of sugar-sweetened beverage consumption of Malaysian preschoolers aged 3 to 6 years

	Odds ratio [95% CI]
	Crude	p-value	Adjusted	p-value^a
High SSB consumption (≥5 days/ week)	28.5% (168)
Age
- 3 to 4 years	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- 5 to 6 years	0.86 (0.57–1.30)	0.485	1.17 (0.67–2.03)	0.584
Gender
- Boys	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Girls	1.67 (1.16–2.39)	0.005	1.30 (0.78–2.16)	0.319
Race
- Malay	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Chinese	2.32 (1.61–3.35)	< 0.0001	1.79 (0.83–3.85)	0.107
Number of siblings
- 0 to 3	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥4 siblings	2.00 (1.39–2.89)	< 0.0001	3.08 (1.80–5.26)	< 0.001
Household income
- <RM3,000	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥RM3,000	1.73 (1.20–2.51)	0.004	1.20 (0.89–2.83)	0.120
Paternal BMI status
- Underweight	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Normal weight	0.28 (0.06–1.43)	0.126	0.60 (0.06–5.74)	0.659
- Overweight	0.62 (0.12–3.15)	0.567	2.16 (0.22–21.34)	0.509
- Obese	0.22 (0.04–1.27)	0.090	0.12 (0.01–1.41)	0.093
Paternal educational status
- Never to secondary school	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Up to tertiary education	0.65 (0.45–0.94)	0.020	0.71 (0.35–1.42)	0.332
Maternal BMI status
- Underweight	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Normal weight	0.65 (0.37–1.16)	0.143	0.28 (0.12–0.64)	0.103
- Overweight	1.69 (0.90–3.19)	0.103	0.422 (0.17–1.07)	0.069
- Obese	0.86 (0.39–1.86)	0.691	0.539 (0.19–1.55)	0.253
Maternal educational status
- Never to secondary school	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Up to tertiary education	0.94 (0.66–1.35)	0.754	0.93 (0.49–1.75)	0.811
Dietary and lifestyle-related practices
Weekly breakfast consumption
- < 5 times/ week	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥5 times/ week	1.66 (1.16–2.38)	0.006	1.88 (0.86–4.09)	0.112
Weekly snack intake
- < 5 times/ week	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥5 times/ week	2.43 (1.65–3.58)	< 0.0001	2.88 (1.72–4.84)	< 0.001
Monthly fast food intake
- No	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Yes	4.82 (3.03–7.68)	< 0.0001	3.76 (2.04–6.92)	< 0.001
Daily fruit and vegetable intake
- < 2 serving/day	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥2 servings/day	0.36 (0.21–0.60)	< 0.0001	0.409 (0.21–0.81)	0.011
Weekly vigorous physical activity status
- No	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- Yes	2.24 (1.47–3.43)	< 0.0001	1.99 (1.07–3.69)	0.030
Daily screen-based sedentary practice
- < 2 h/day	1.00 [referent]		1.00 [referent]
- ≥2 h/day	1.83 (1.27–2.65)	0.001	1.99 (1.13–3.51)	< 0.001

^aAdjusting for age, gender, ethnicity, household income, number of siblings, child dietary practices, physical activity and daily screen-based sedentary practice and the parental demographic and socio-economic characteristics, and parental BMI

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