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Table 3 Multivariate correlates by type-role category of bullying with uninvolved group as a reference

From: Overlap of traditional bullying and cyberbullying and correlates of bullying among Taiwanese adolescents: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Traditional bullying

Cyberbullying

Combined bullying

Victims

(N = 122)

Bullies/bully-victims

(N = 147)

Victims

(N = 136)

Bullies/bully-victims

(N = 65)

Victims

(N = 58)

Bullies/bully-victims

(N = 133)

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

AOR (95% CI)

P-value

Gender

 Female

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Male

1.28 (0.84,1.95)

0.244

2.80 (2.00,3.91)

< 0.001

0.83 (0.54,1.30)

0.405

1.49 (0.90,2.47)

0.115

0.62 (0.32,1.18)

0.138

1.79 (1.17,2.73)

0.010

Internet addiction

 No addiction

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Addiction

1.17 (0.84,1.63)

0.325

1.46 (1.02,2.08)

0.041

1.15 (0.74,1.78)

0.529

1.28 (0.78,2.11)

0.319

2.60 (1.36,4.97)

0.006

2.61 (1.63,4.20)

< 0.001

Alcohol use

 No

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Yes

0.79 (0.52,1.21)

0.257

1.88 (1.33,2.64)

0.001

1.68 (1.13,2.50)

0.012

1.87 (1.09,3.22)

0.026

1.47 (0.86,2.50)

0.151

2.90 (1.98,4.26)

< 0.001

Psychological distress

 No serious distress

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Yes

1.74 (1.16,2.61)

0.009

1.91 (1.27,2.88)

0.003

1.98 (1.36,2.87)

0.001

1.27 (0.74,2.20)

0.368

1.25 (0.66,2.37)

0.476

2.08 (1.33,3.24)

0.003

Self-harm

 No

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Yes

1.20 (0.57,2.54)

0.615

4.01 (2.31,6.94)

< 0.001

0.98 (0.46,2.09)

0.951

1.78 (0.60,5.24)

0.282

3.55 (1.74,7.27)

0.001

1.24 (0.62,2.49)

0.525

Suicidal ideation

 No

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Yes

2.34 (1.28,4.27)

0.008

1.32 (0.70,2.49)

0.377

0.96 (0.46,2.00)

0.913

0.94 (0.33,2.66)

0.905

1.46 (0.56,3.83)

0.420

2.43 (1.41,4.18)

0.003

Type of school

 Academic

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

 Vocational

1.18 (0.71,1.96)

0.502

2.43 (1.52,3.90)

0.001

0.74 (0.43,1.29)

0.277

1.43 (0.81,2.52)

0.204

0.68 (0.28,1.67)

0.381

1.83 (1.10,3.06)

0.023

School climate

 Negative

1.41 (0.80,2.46)

0.220

1.55 (1.04,2.29)

0.032

1.19 (0.80,1.76)

0.384

1.95 (1.17,3.23)

0.012

2.69 (1.37,5.27)

0.006

2.58 (1.68,3.96)

< 0.001

 Positive

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 

1 (ref)

 
  1. Notes: AOR adjusted odds ratio, CI confidence interval
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