Study | Study Information | Criteria for Positive Screen | Sensitivity (SD)a | Specificity (SD)a |
---|---|---|---|---|
1. Bakhireva et al., 2014 [25] | Sample Size = 60 Positive Cases Included = 28 Positive Cases = ≥ 0.21 oz. alcohol/day at enrollment or ≥ 2.0 oz. of alcohol/drinking day. Controls = No binge drinking in the periconceptional period; ≤ 0.14 oz. alcohol/day in periconceptional period; and no drinking at enrollment. FAEEs Tested = Ethyl Palmitate, Ethyl Stearate, Ethyl Oleate, Ethyl Linoleate. Limit of Detection = 50 ng/g | > 600 ng/g all four FAEEs to meconium. | 100% b (1.9%) | 13% (5.9%) |
2. Ostrea et al., 2006 [26] | Sample Size = 124 Positives Cases Included = 93 Positive Cases = Mothers who used alcohol at the time of conception and/or any time during pregnancy. Controls = Mothers who reported no alcohol intake around the time of conception or in pregnancy. FAEEs Tested = Ethyl Myristate Limit of detection = 50 ng/g | > 50 ng/g ethyl myristate to meconium. | 68% c (4.8%) | 29% c (8.0%) |
3. Bearer et al., 2003 [27] | Sample Size = 27 Positives Cases Included = 21 Positive Cases = ≥ 1.0 oz. alcohol/day or ≥ 2 incidents of binge drinking/month in the first trimester of pregnancy. Controls = Mothers who abstained from drinking during pregnancy. FAEEs Tested = Ethyl Oleate Limit of Detection = NA | > 13 ng/g ethyl oleate to meconium. | 100% b (2.1%) | 67% (17.8%) |
4. Chan et al., 2003 [28] | Sample Size = 200 Positive Cases Included = 17 Positive Cases = Mothers who reported any drinking in pregnancy. Controls = Mothers who reported no drinking in pregnancy. FAEEs Tested = Ethyl Palmitate, Ethyl Stearate, Ethyl Oleate, Ethyl Linoleate. Limit of Detection = 50 ng/g | > 600 ng/g all four FAEEs to meconium. c | 100% b (2.3%) | 98% (1.0%) |