Characteristics and health burden of the undiagnosed population at risk of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in China

Table 3 Health outcomes of Control, ‘COPD Risk (undiagnosed)’ and ‘COPD Diagnosed’ groups

	All	Control group	‘COPD Risk (undiagnosed)’ group	‘COPD Diagnosed’ group	Risk vs. Control, p value	Diagnosed vs. Control, p value	Risk vs. Diagnosed, p value
	(n = 19,994)	(n = 16,161)	(n = 3320)	(n = 513)
Healthcare resource use (in past 6 months), mean ± SD
ER visits	0.32 ± 1.00	0.26 ± 0.87	0.53 ± 1.38	0.68 ± 1.42	0.000	0.000	0.004
Hospitalisations	0.13 ± 0.83	0.09 ± 0.81	0.31 ± 0.91	0.27 ± 0.74	0.000	< 0.001	0.534
HCP visits	1.49 ± 3.53	1.30 ± 3.39	2.12 ± 3.86	3.28 ± 4.55	0.000	0.000	0.000
Respiratory specialist visits	0.08 ± 0.69	0.07 ± 0.56	0.11 ± 1.11	0.39 ± 0.93	0.003	0.000	0.000
WPAI, mean ± SD
%Absenteeism^a	3.93 ± 10.8	3.22 ± 9.62	8.87 ± 16.2	6.75 ± 13.8	< 0.001	< 0.001	0.002
%Presenteeism^a	21.5 ± 24.6	19.7 ± 23.9	34.0 ± 27.1	26.4 ± 22.7	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
%Overall work impairment^a	23.4 ± 26.0	21.4 ± 25.0	37.7 ± 28.9	29.7 ± 25.1	< 0.001	< 0.001	< 0.001
%Activity impairment	20.6 ± 23.1	18.2 ± 22.0	31.1 ± 25.0	27.0 ± 23.1	0.000	0.000	< 0.001
HRQoL, mean ± SD
MCS (SF-12v2)	48.5 ± 7.92	49.0 ± 7.82	46.6 ± 7.99	45.6 ± 7.89	0.000	0.000	0.029
PCS (SF-12v2)	50.7 ± 6.83	51.7 ± 6.28	46.3 ± 7.44	47.5 ± 6.96	0.000	0.000	< 0.001
Health Utility (EQ-5D)	0.93 ± 0.12	0.94 ± 0.10	0.87 ± 0.18	0.88 ± 0.15	0.000	0.000	0.067

^a Absenteeism, Presenteeism and Overall Work Impairment calculated for the employed population only (n = 14,889)
Abbreviations: ER Emergency Room; HCP Healthcare provider; HRQoL Health-related quality of life; SF-12v2 Short Form-12 version 2; MCS mental component summary; PCS physical component summary; SD Standard Deviation; WPAI Work Productivity and Activity Impairment

ISSN: 1471-2458