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Table 2 Differences adjusted to the score of adherence to the Snack food consumption pattern (Z score). Colombian adults (18-64y) in 2010 and 2015

From: Adherence to a snacking dietary pattern is decreasing in Colombia among the youngest and the wealthiest: results of two representative national surveys

Variable

2010

2015

Adjusted differenceb

2015–2010

P

Interaction

na

Mean

SE

P value

na

Mean

SE

P value

Sex

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 Male

2303

0.12

0.03

 

4236

−0.16

0.03

 

− 0.32 (− 0.38, − 0.26)

 

 Female

2842

− 0.06

0.02

 

5207

− 0.28

0.02

 

−0.24 (− 0.28, − 0.19)

 

Age (years)

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 18–24

1124

0.62

0.05

 

1806

0.14

0.04

 

−0.52 (− 0.63, − 0.41)

 

 25–34

1283

0.17

0.03

 

2262

− 0.12

0.03

 

−0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.23)

 

 35–44

1150

− 0.15

0.02

 

1964

− 0.31

0.02

 

− 0.18 (− 0.25, − 011)

 

 45–54

962

− 0.34

0.02

 

1990

−0.42

0.02

 

−0.11 (− 0.16, − 0.05)

 

 55–64

626

−0.44

0.02

 

1421

−0.56

0.02

 

−0.13 (− 0.18, − 0.07)

 

Talla (cm)

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

  < 150

606

−0.30

0.04

 

1031

−0.41

0.03

 

−0.09 (− 0.17, − 0.01)

 

 150–159.9

1953

− 0.08

0.02

 

3478

−0.28

0.02

 

−0.23 (− 0.28, − 0.18)

 

 160–169.9

1711

0.06

0.03

 

3271

−0.20

0.02

 

−0.30 (− 0.36, − 0.24)

 

 170 +

848

0.35

0.05

 

1591

−0.07

0.03

 

−0.43 (− 0.53, − 0.33)

 

Body mass index

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

  < 18

76

0.17

0.13

 

136

0.27

0.23

 

–

 

 18–24.9

2419

0.14

0.03

 

3965

−0.16

0.02

 

−0.33 (−0.39, − 0.27)

 

 25–29.9

1842

−0.09

0.02

 

3474

−0.29

0.02

 

−0.24 (− 0.29, − 0.19)

 

 30 +

808

−0.13

0.04

 

1868

−0.29

0.03

 

−0.21 (− 0.28, − 0.13)

 

Marital status

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 Married/Living together

3140

−0.12

0.02

 

5663

−0.30

0.02

 

−0.22 (− 0.26, − 0.18)

 

 Unmarried/single

2040

0.21

0.03

 

3780

−0.12

0.02

 

−0.35 (− 0.41, − 0.29)

 

Food security

   

0.003

   

0.124

 

< 0.0001

 Food secure

1947

0.08

0.03

 

3559

−0.23

0.02

 

−0.31 (− 0.37, − 026)

 

 Mild food insecurity

1937

−0.01

0.03

 

3389

−0.25

0.02

 

−0.28 (− 0.34, − 0.23)

 

 Moderate food insecurity

754

−0.07

0.04

 

1544

−0.18

0.03

 

−0.17 (− 0.25, − 0.09)

 

 Severe food insecurity

505

−0.05

0.07

 

949

−0.17

0.04

 

−0.17 (− 0.32, − 0.02)

 

Wealth index quintile

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 1- poorest

1399

−0.23

0.03

 

1575

−0.44

0.02

 

−0.19 (− 0.26, − 0.13)

 

 2

1196

−0.04

0.04

 

1774

−0.33

0.03

 

−0.26 (− 0.35, − 0.18)

 

 3

1053

0.08

0.04

 

1793

−0.16

0.03

 

−0.24 (− 0.31, − 0.16)

 

 4

819

0.06

0.03

 

1969

−0.17

0.02

 

−0.25 (− 0.32, − 0.17)

 

 5- wealthiest

678

0.16

0.04

 

2332

−0.20

0.02

 

−0.36 (− 0.44, − 0.28)

 

Ethnicity

   

0.151

   

0.066

 

< 0.0001

 Mestizo

4033

0.02

0.02

 

8054

−0.23

0.02

 

−0.26 (− 0.30, − 0.23)

 

 Black/Afro

557

0.12

0.05

 

559

−0.42

0.06

 

−0.46 (− 0.59, − 0.32)

 

 Indigenous

486

−0.23

0.04

 

809

−0.14

0.03

 

−0.02 (− 0.11, 0.07)

 

Education of the head

   

< 0.0001

   

0.888

 

< 0.0001

 Preschool or less

360

−0.27

0.04

 

42

−0.01

0.02

 

−0.13 (− 0.36, 0.10)

 

 Primary

2216

−0.13

0.02

 

6223

−0.23

0.02

 

−0.15 (− 0.20, − 0.11)

 

 Secondary

1708

0.14

0.03

 

2551

−0.16

0.02

 

−0.33 (− 0.40, − 0.27)

 

 Post-secondary

680

0.17

0.04

 

566

−0.48

0.02

 

−0.44 (− 0.54, − 0.33)

 

Area

   

< 0.0001

   

< 0.0001

 

< 0.0001

 Urban

3643

0.10

0.02

 

7113

−0.17

0.02

 

−0.28 (− 0.32, − 0.24)

 

 Ruralc

1502

− 0.26

0.02

 

2330

−0.42

0.02

 

−0.18 (− 0.24, − 0.12)

 

Region

   

0.228

   

0.076

 

< 0.0001

 Central

1363

0.06

0.03

 

2298

−0.24

0.04

 

−0.29 (− 0.38, − 0.20)

 

 Atlantic

1133

0.10

0.03

 

2136

−0.16

0.04

 

−0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.23)

 

 Oriental

681

−0.06

0.05

 

1726

−0.19

0.03

 

−0.16 (− 0.27, − 0.05)

 

 Pacific

809

−0.16

0.03

 

1203

−0.29

0.05

 

−0.14 (− 0.25, − 0.04)

 

 BogotĂ¡

328

0.14

0.05

 

663

−0.24

0.00

 

−0.40 (− 0.49, − 0.30)

 

 National territories

831

−0.14

0.03

 

1417

−0.39

0.03

 

−0.32 (− 0.42, − 0.22)

 
  1. aIn 2010 n may be less than 5145 for missing values. In 2015 n may be less than 9443 for missing values.
  2. bAdjusted difference and 95% confidence interval achieved in a linear regression model with the score of adherence (Z score) to the snack pattern as a dependent variable and predictors that include indicator variables for each sociodemographic correlates, year 2015 (2010 as reference) and cross-product (interaction) terms between year and indicator variables of the correlate. In addition, the linear regression model was adjusted by the following covariables; sex, age, marital status, food security, wealth index, ethnicity, education of the head, area and region. The complex sampling survey design was taken into account in all multivariate regression models.
  3. cThe rural category included suburban population centers close to small cities, towns in rural areas distant from small towns, and disperses or very distant from rural towns