Variable | 2010 | 2015 | Adjusted differenceb 2015–2010 | P Interaction | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
na | Mean | SE | P value | na | Mean | SE | P value | |||
Sex |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Male | 2303 | 0.12 | 0.03 |  | 4236 | −0.16 | 0.03 |  | − 0.32 (− 0.38, − 0.26) |  |
 Female | 2842 | − 0.06 | 0.02 |  | 5207 | − 0.28 | 0.02 |  | −0.24 (− 0.28, − 0.19) |  |
Age (years) |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
 18–24 | 1124 | 0.62 | 0.05 |  | 1806 | 0.14 | 0.04 |  | −0.52 (− 0.63, − 0.41) |  |
 25–34 | 1283 | 0.17 | 0.03 |  | 2262 | − 0.12 | 0.03 |  | −0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.23) |  |
 35–44 | 1150 | − 0.15 | 0.02 |  | 1964 | − 0.31 | 0.02 |  | − 0.18 (− 0.25, − 011) |  |
 45–54 | 962 | − 0.34 | 0.02 |  | 1990 | −0.42 | 0.02 |  | −0.11 (− 0.16, − 0.05) |  |
 55–64 | 626 | −0.44 | 0.02 |  | 1421 | −0.56 | 0.02 |  | −0.13 (− 0.18, − 0.07) |  |
Talla (cm) |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
  < 150 | 606 | −0.30 | 0.04 |  | 1031 | −0.41 | 0.03 |  | −0.09 (− 0.17, − 0.01) |  |
 150–159.9 | 1953 | − 0.08 | 0.02 |  | 3478 | −0.28 | 0.02 |  | −0.23 (− 0.28, − 0.18) |  |
 160–169.9 | 1711 | 0.06 | 0.03 |  | 3271 | −0.20 | 0.02 |  | −0.30 (− 0.36, − 0.24) |  |
 170 + | 848 | 0.35 | 0.05 |  | 1591 | −0.07 | 0.03 |  | −0.43 (− 0.53, − 0.33) |  |
Body mass index |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
  < 18 | 76 | 0.17 | 0.13 |  | 136 | 0.27 | 0.23 |  | – |  |
 18–24.9 | 2419 | 0.14 | 0.03 |  | 3965 | −0.16 | 0.02 |  | −0.33 (−0.39, − 0.27) |  |
 25–29.9 | 1842 | −0.09 | 0.02 |  | 3474 | −0.29 | 0.02 |  | −0.24 (− 0.29, − 0.19) |  |
 30 + | 808 | −0.13 | 0.04 |  | 1868 | −0.29 | 0.03 |  | −0.21 (− 0.28, − 0.13) |  |
Marital status |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Married/Living together | 3140 | −0.12 | 0.02 |  | 5663 | −0.30 | 0.02 |  | −0.22 (− 0.26, − 0.18) |  |
 Unmarried/single | 2040 | 0.21 | 0.03 |  | 3780 | −0.12 | 0.02 |  | −0.35 (− 0.41, − 0.29) |  |
Food security |  |  |  | 0.003 |  |  |  | 0.124 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Food secure | 1947 | 0.08 | 0.03 |  | 3559 | −0.23 | 0.02 |  | −0.31 (− 0.37, − 026) |  |
 Mild food insecurity | 1937 | −0.01 | 0.03 |  | 3389 | −0.25 | 0.02 |  | −0.28 (− 0.34, − 0.23) |  |
 Moderate food insecurity | 754 | −0.07 | 0.04 |  | 1544 | −0.18 | 0.03 |  | −0.17 (− 0.25, − 0.09) |  |
 Severe food insecurity | 505 | −0.05 | 0.07 |  | 949 | −0.17 | 0.04 |  | −0.17 (− 0.32, − 0.02) |  |
Wealth index quintile |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
 1- poorest | 1399 | −0.23 | 0.03 |  | 1575 | −0.44 | 0.02 |  | −0.19 (− 0.26, − 0.13) |  |
 2 | 1196 | −0.04 | 0.04 |  | 1774 | −0.33 | 0.03 |  | −0.26 (− 0.35, − 0.18) |  |
 3 | 1053 | 0.08 | 0.04 |  | 1793 | −0.16 | 0.03 |  | −0.24 (− 0.31, − 0.16) |  |
 4 | 819 | 0.06 | 0.03 |  | 1969 | −0.17 | 0.02 |  | −0.25 (− 0.32, − 0.17) |  |
 5- wealthiest | 678 | 0.16 | 0.04 |  | 2332 | −0.20 | 0.02 |  | −0.36 (− 0.44, − 0.28) |  |
Ethnicity |  |  |  | 0.151 |  |  |  | 0.066 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Mestizo | 4033 | 0.02 | 0.02 |  | 8054 | −0.23 | 0.02 |  | −0.26 (− 0.30, − 0.23) |  |
 Black/Afro | 557 | 0.12 | 0.05 |  | 559 | −0.42 | 0.06 |  | −0.46 (− 0.59, − 0.32) |  |
 Indigenous | 486 | −0.23 | 0.04 |  | 809 | −0.14 | 0.03 |  | −0.02 (− 0.11, 0.07) |  |
Education of the head |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | 0.888 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Preschool or less | 360 | −0.27 | 0.04 |  | 42 | −0.01 | 0.02 |  | −0.13 (− 0.36, 0.10) |  |
 Primary | 2216 | −0.13 | 0.02 |  | 6223 | −0.23 | 0.02 |  | −0.15 (− 0.20, − 0.11) |  |
 Secondary | 1708 | 0.14 | 0.03 |  | 2551 | −0.16 | 0.02 |  | −0.33 (− 0.40, − 0.27) |  |
 Post-secondary | 680 | 0.17 | 0.04 |  | 566 | −0.48 | 0.02 |  | −0.44 (− 0.54, − 0.33) |  |
Area |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  |  |  | < 0.0001 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Urban | 3643 | 0.10 | 0.02 |  | 7113 | −0.17 | 0.02 |  | −0.28 (− 0.32, − 0.24) |  |
 Ruralc | 1502 | − 0.26 | 0.02 |  | 2330 | −0.42 | 0.02 |  | −0.18 (− 0.24, − 0.12) |  |
Region |  |  |  | 0.228 |  |  |  | 0.076 |  | < 0.0001 |
 Central | 1363 | 0.06 | 0.03 |  | 2298 | −0.24 | 0.04 |  | −0.29 (− 0.38, − 0.20) |  |
 Atlantic | 1133 | 0.10 | 0.03 |  | 2136 | −0.16 | 0.04 |  | −0.31 (− 0.38, − 0.23) |  |
 Oriental | 681 | −0.06 | 0.05 |  | 1726 | −0.19 | 0.03 |  | −0.16 (− 0.27, − 0.05) |  |
 Pacific | 809 | −0.16 | 0.03 |  | 1203 | −0.29 | 0.05 |  | −0.14 (− 0.25, − 0.04) |  |
 BogotĂ¡ | 328 | 0.14 | 0.05 |  | 663 | −0.24 | 0.00 |  | −0.40 (− 0.49, − 0.30) |  |
 National territories | 831 | −0.14 | 0.03 |  | 1417 | −0.39 | 0.03 |  | −0.32 (− 0.42, − 0.22) |  |