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Table 3 Logistic regressions for postpartum depression (PPD) and experiencing SFD, MFD, and E-MFD in the study groups of women: non-immigrant Jewish, Jewish immigrant and Palestinian-Arab (unadjusted and adjusted models)

From: Multiple forms of discrimination and postpartum depression among indigenous Palestinian-Arab, Jewish immigrants and non-immigrant Jewish mothers

 

Non-immigrant Jewish (N = 621)

Immigrant Jewish (N = 214)

Palestinian-Arab (N = 260)

OR (95%CI)

AOR* (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

AOR* (95%CI)

OR (95%CI)

AOR* (95%CI)

Single forms of discrimination (SFD)

Discrimination based on ethnicity

 Yes

1.64 (0.83, 3.24)

1.75 (0.86, 3.54)

2.38 (0.91, 6.18)

3.46 (1.36, 8.83)

1.67 (0.99, 2.82)

1.70 (0.97, 2.99)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Discrimination based on socioeconomic status

 Yes

2.43 (1.13, 5.26)

2.45 (0.98, 6.08)

1.44 (0.51, 4.08)

1.71 (0.54, 5.40)

3.77 (1.76, 8.08)

3.92 (1.74, 8.84)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Discrimination based on religiosity level

 Yes

1.84 (0.90, 3.78)

1.85 (0.91, 3.74)

0.61 (0.15, 2.45)

0.73 (0.17, 3.04)

1.76 (1.02, 3.02)

1.66 (0.94, 2.95)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Discrimination based on age

 Yes

2.38 (1.20, 4.73)

2.42 (1.25, 4.71)

1.10 (0.23, 5.32)

1.04 (0.22, 4.95)

2.95 (1.14, 7.62)

2.87 (1.02, 8.07)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Discrimination based on gender

 Yes

1.59 (1.02, 2.49)

1.81 (1.09, 3.02)

0.80 (0.26, 2.43)

0.64 (0.19, 2.12)

1.98 (1.28, 3.05)

1.86 (1.22, 2.85)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Discrimination based on skin color

 Yes

2.49 (0.91, 6.81)

2.59 (0.98, 6.88)

0.88 (0.13, 5.78)

0.90 (0.16, 5.16)

2.80 (1.21, 6.44)

2.76 (1.14, 6.70)

 No

1

1

1

1

1

1

Multiple forms of discrimination (MFD)

  ≥ 3 forms

3.74 (1.53,9.16)

4.44 (1.74, 11.32)

1.99 (0.57, 6.91)

2.19 (0.57, 8.52)

2.60 (1.24, 5.49)

2.45 (1.15, 5.24)

 2 forms

3.33 (1.20, 9.26)

3.67 (1.28, 10.47)

2.58 (0.74, 9.04)

2.91 (0.72, 11.72)

1.88 (0.79, 4.47)

1.91 (0.78, 4.69)

 1 form

2.19 (0.87, 5.51)

2.62 (1.02, 6.76)

1.02 (0.23, 4.48)

1.26 (0.27, 6.01)

0.74 (0.25, 2.21)

0.78 (0.25, 2.40)

 None

1

1

1

1

1

1

Ethnic and MFD combined (E-MFD)

 Other discrimination (not ethno-national)

2.94 (1.42, 6.11)

3.44 (1.64, 7.24)

0.07 (0.12, 5.36)

0.68 (0.10, 4.88)

1.76 (0.62, 5.01)

1.64 (0.62, 4.34)

 Ethno-national and ≥ 3 other SFD

4.24 (1.66, 10.84)

5.02 (1.79, 14.03)

1.54 (0.20, 11.65)

2.06 (0.20, 21.74)

3.85 (1.69, 8.76)

3.95 (1.62, 9.64)

 Ethno-national and 2 other SFD

2.49 (0.46, 13.50)

3.39 (0.67, 17.04)

1.83 (0.45, 7.46)

2.50 (0.60, 10.46)

1.41 (0.61, 3.24)

1.23 (0.51, 2.96)

 Ethno-national and 1 other SFD

1.20 (0.18, 8.05)

1.29 (0.18, 9.15)

2.52 (0.52, 12.21)

2.65 (0.56, 12.55)

2.05 (0.91, 4.64)

2.06 (0.86, 4.95)

 Ethno-national exclusive

3.11 (0.36, 26.97)

3.77 (0.39, 36.39)

3.13 (0.81, 12.02)

9.15 (1.61, 52.06)

0.42 (0.13, 1.38)

0.44 (0.11, 1.77)

 None

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  1. *AOR- Adjusted for age, education, employment and antidepressant use