Table 1 Distribution of study variables by study group and associations with postpartum depression (PPD)
| Â | Total | Non-Immigrant Jewish | Jewish Immigrant | Palestinian-Arab | Â | Postpartum Depression (PPD) | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | N (%) | p | N (%) | p |
1128 (100) | 632 (56.0) | 221 (19.6) | 275 (24.4) | Â | 116 (10.3) | Â | |
 Study group |  | ||||||
 Non-Immigrant Jewish |  |  |  |  | 39 (6.2) | < 0.001 | |
 Immigrant Jewish |  |  |  |  |  | 20 (9.1) |  |
 Palestinian-Arab |  |  |  |  |  | 57 (20.8) |  |
Age | Â | ||||||
 16–24 | 169 (15.0) | 54 (8.5) | 20 (9.1) | 95 (34.7) | < 0.001 | 34 (20.1) | <.0001 |
 25–34 | 701 (62.2) | 398 (63.0) | 155 (70.1) | 148 (54.0) |  | 56 (8.1) |  |
 35–48 | 257 (22.8) | 180 (28.5) | 46 (20.8) | 31 (11.3) |  | 26 (10.2) |  |
Marital status | Â | ||||||
 Married | 1063 (94.3) | 592 (93.8) | 201 (91.0) | 270 (98.2) | 0.002 | 109 (10.3) | 0.875 |
 Not married | 64 (5.7) | 39 (6.2) | 20 (9.0) | 5 (1.8) |  | 7 (10.9) |  |
Education | Â | ||||||
 BA MA & PhD | 544 (48.2) | 353 (55.9) | 117 (52.9) | 74 (26.9) | < 0.001 | 38 (7.0) | < 0.001 |
 Postsecondary  Education | 201 (17.8) | 111 (17.6) | 48 (21.7) | 42 (15.3) |  | 14 (7.0) |  |
 High School or Less | 383 (34.0) | 168 (26.6) | 56 (25.3) | 159 (57.8) |  | 64 (16.9) |  |
Employment Status | |||||||
 Yes | 680 (60.7) | 466 (74.2) | 141 (64.4) | 73 (26.6) | < 0.001 | 54 (8.0) | 0.002 |
 No | 441 (39.3) | 162 (25.8) | 78 (35.6) | 201 (73.4) |  | 61 (13.9) |  |
Religiosity level | |||||||
 Religious | 284 (25.2) | 174 (27.5) | 39 (17.7) | 71 (25.8) | < 0.001 | 31 (11.0) | 0.626 |
 Traditional | 439 (39.0) | 218 (34.5) | 71 (32.3) | 150 (54.6) |  | 48 (11.0) |  |
 Not Religious | 404 (35.8) | 240 (38.0) | 110 (50.0) | 54 (19.6) |  | 37 (9.2) |  |
Number of Children | |||||||
 0–1 | 398 (35.3) | 219 (34.7) | 84 (38.0) | 95 (34.6) | 0.015 | 44 (11.1) | 0.241 |
 2–3 | 571 (50.7) | 322 (51.0) | 120 (54.3) | 129 (46.9) |  | 51 (9.0) |  |
 4–12 | 158 (14.0) | 90 (14.3) | 17 (7.7) | 51 (18.6) |  | 21 (13.3) |  |
Antidepressant use | < 0.001 |  |  | ||||
 Yes | 15 (1.3) | 6 (0.9) | 7 (3.2) | 2 (0.8) |  | 6 (40.0) | 0.001 |
 No | 1101 (98.7) | 625 (99.1) | 214 (96.8) | 262 (99.2) |  | 108 (9.9) |  |