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Table 4 Adjusted modified Poisson regression investigating factors associated with tobacco use behaviour

From: Tobacco use and nicotine dependence among people living with HIV who drink heavily in South Africa: a cross-sectional baseline study

Dependent variable

Covariates

RRR

95% CI

p

Ever smoking

Gender

 Male

1

  

 Female

0.33

0.27–0.41

< 0.001*

Marital Status

 Married

1

  

 Cohabiting

0.95

0.73–1.24

0.703

 Never married

0.98

0.82–1.17

0.822

 Othera

0.95

0.71–1.28

0.753

Employment

 Unemployed

1

  

 Employed

1.01

0.85–1.20

0.883

Current smoking

Gender

 Male

1

  

 Female

0.18

0.12–0.25

< 0.001*

Age

 18–24

1

  

 25–34

1.99

0.67–5.90

0.217

 35–44

1.74

0.60–5.05

0.306

 45–54

1.79

0.62–5.17

0.282

 55–64

2.04

0.69–5.99

0.195

 65+

1.15

0.18–7.16

0.882

SES

 Low±

1

  

 Average

0.92

0.66–1.29

0.641

 High

0.78

0.55–1.11

0.165

Employment

 Unemployed

1

  

 Employed

1.02

0.79–1.31

0.911

Ever snuff use

Gender

 Male

1

  

 Female

5.23

3.31–8.25

< 0.001*

Employment

 Unemployed

1

  

 Employed

1.05

0.81–1.34

0.731

Education

  < Grade 12

1

  

 Grade 12

0.61

0.42–0.88

0.008*

  > Grade 12

0.61

0.37–0.98

0.043*

Depression

 Non-significant symptoms

1

  

 Significant symptoms

1.32

1.03–1.70

0.032*

Current snuff use

Gender

 Male

1

  

 Female

26.19

8.32–82.40

< 0.001*

Marital Status

 Married

1

  

 Cohabiting

1.10

0.60–2.01

0.770

 Never married

1.24

0.83–1.84

0.293

 Othera

1.26

0.75–2.11

0.392

Employment

 Unemployed

1

  

 Employed

1.01

0.75–1.36

0.958

Education

  < Grade 12

1

  

 Grade 12

0.57

0.37–0.89

0.012*

  > Grade 12

0.51

0.27–0.93

0.029*

Depression

 Non-significant symptoms

1

  

 Significant symptoms

1.40

1.03–1.89

0.030*

Any tobacco product use

Gender

 Male

1

  

 Female

0.75

0.63–0.89

0.001*

Age

 18–24

1

  

 25–34

1.64

0.75–3.61

0.217

 35–44

2.01

0.93–4.34

0.074

 45–54

2.05

0.94–4.47

0.070

 55–64

2.25

1.01–5.03

0.047*

 65+

1.07

0.18–6.36

0.943

Education

  < Grade 12

1

  

 Grade 12

0.68

0.53–0.86

0.001*

  > Grade 12

0.80

0.60–1.07

0.132

Depression

 Non-significant symptoms

1

  

 Significant symptoms

1.27

1.07–1.51

0.005*

  1. RRR Adjusted Relative Risk Ratio based on modified Poisson regression
  2. a“other” marital status includes divorced, separated, or widowed
  3. *significant at p ≤ .05
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BMC Public Health

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