Table 2 Effective interventions on work-related outcomes

Environmental

Physical Activity

Ben-Ner, et al. [30]^b

USA; RCT; 12 months; N = 409

Treadmill desk

Work performance (objective & subjective measurement)

Physical activity (objective measurement)

Unclear Risk of bias

Coffeng, et al. [57]^a

Netherlands; RCT; N = 412

Social& physical environmental intervention

Work performance (subjective measurement)

N/A

Low Risk of bias

Gao, et al. [34]^b

Finland; Quasi-experimental controlled study; 6 months; N = 45

Sit–stand workstations

Workability (subjective measurement)

Occupational sedentary time &musculoskeletal comfort (subjective measurement)

Moderate Risk of bias

Multilevel

Organizational, Individual

Physical Activity & Nutrition

Aldana, et al. [43]^a

USA; Quasi-experimental controlled study; 24 months; N = 6246

WCSD Wellness Program

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Lahiri and Faghri [40]^b

USA; NRS; 16 weeks; N = 72

Incentivized Behavioral Weight Management Program

Productivity (subjective measurement)

Weight loss

Moderate Risk of bias

Loeppke, et al. [60]^b

USA; NRS; 36 months; N = 543

Health enhancement program

Absenteeism

(subjective measurement)

*Significant results only between subgroups

Health risks (subjective measurement)

Moderate Risk of bias

Schultz, et al. [50]^a

USA; NRS; 36 months; N = 4189

Workplace Health Promotion Program

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Physical Activity

von Thiele Schwarz and Hasson [66]^a

Sweden; RCT; 12 months; N = 177

Physical Exercise (PE)

Workability (subjective measurement)

N/A

High Risk of bias

von Thiele Schwarz, et al. [65]^b

Sweden; quasi-experimental controlled study; 24 months; N = 202

Integration program

Workability &Productivity (subjective measurements)

Health promotion, Integration, Kaizen, health (self-reported measurements)

No Information

Multilevel

Environmental, Individual

Physical Activity

Jakobsen, et al. [35]^a

Denmark; RCT; 10 weeks; N = 200

WORK (workplace physical exercise)

Workability (subjective measurement)

N/A

Low Risk of bias

Multilevel

Environmental, Organizational, Individual

Physical Activity & Nutrition

Bertera [44]^a

USA; pretest/ posttest controlled study; 20 months; N = 43,888

Multicomponent program (with 41 intervention sites)

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Bertera [52]^b

USA; pretest/ posttest controlled study; 24 months; N = 14,279

Multicomponent program

Absenteeism (subjective measurement)

*Significant results only between subgroups

Behavioral risk factors (subjective measurement)

No Information

Braun, et al. [45]^a

UK; quasi-experimental controlled study; N = 155,543

Better Health atWork Award (Silver Award)

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Conrad, et al. [46]^a

USA (Michigan); quasi-experimental controlled study; 24 months; N = 1449

HRA, screening, counseling& Go to Health intervention program

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

USA (Indiana); quasi-experimental controlled study; 8 years; N = 746

“Alive and Well” program& health check

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Jones, et al. [47]^a

USA; NRS; 36 months; N = 1893

LIVE FOR LIFE program

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

Moderate Risk of bias

Knight, et al. [48]^a

USA; NRS; 36 months; N = 4972

LIVE FOR LIFE program

Absenteeism (objective measurement)

N/A

No Information