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Table 1 Characteristics of the participants by leisure-time physical activity levels (n = 6875)

From: C-reactive protein mediates the association between leisure-time physical activity and lung function in middle-aged and older adults

Characteristics

Low PA

Moderate PA

High PA

P-value

(n = 1952)

(n = 3422)

(n = 1499)

Age, years, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875)

69.18 ± 9.78

66.15 ± 8.60

63.76 ± 7.84

<0.001

Sex, males, (%), (n = 6874)

39.5

45.0

54.5

<0.001

Educational level, (%), (n = 6844)

 Low

35.3

20.2

12.9

<0.001

 Intermediate

35.1

36.7

32.5

 

 High

29.6

42.1

54.6

 

Smoking, (%), (n = 6875)

 Non-smoking

84.4

88.7

93.6

<0.001

 Current smoking

15.6

11.3

6.4

 

Alcohol intake, (%), (n = 6292)

 Rarely/Never

31.9

18.6

12.1

<0.001

 Weekly/Monthly

55.2

67.0

71.0

 

 Daily

12.9

14.5

16.9

 

BMI, kg/m2, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6655)

29.51 ± 5.79

27.99 ± 4.86

27.04 ± 4.33

<0.001

CRP, mg/L, (Mean ± SD)a, (n = 5410)

0.34 ± 0.47

0.20 ± 0.45

0.07 ± 0.44

<0.001

CVD, (%), (n = 6875)

15.6

6.6

4.2

<0.001

Lung diseases, (%), (n = 6875)

9.0

3.2

2.2

<0.001

Cancer, (%), (n = 6875)

5.7

5.0

4.1

0.084

Dementia, (%), (n = 6875)

1.4

0.4

0.3

<0.001

FEV1, L, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875)

2.09 ± 0.74

2.46 ± 0.71

2.74 ± 0.74

<0.001

FVC, L, (Mean ± SD), (n = 6875)

2.93 ± 0.95

3.41 ± 0.93

3.75 ± 0.97

<0.001

  1. BMI Body mass index, CRP C-reactive protein, CVD Cardiovascular disease (angina, congestive heart failure and stroke), FEV1 Forced expiratory volume in 1 second, FVC: forced vital capacity, PA Physical activity, SD Standard deviation
  2. aCRP was log-transformed due to its markedly skewed distribution