Table 8 Change in KAP on water, sanitation and hygiene (WASH) indicators among a study cohort of school-aged children in two districts of Nepal, March–May 2015 and June 2016
Outcomes | Categories | Baseline (March–May 2015) | End-line (June 2016) | Effect of SG- interventiona (95% CI) | p-value | Effect of combined intervention (SG + N + WASH)a (95% CI) | p-value | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Control (n = 313) | SG- intervention (n = 172) | Combined intervention (SG+) (n = 197) | Control (n = 313) | SG- intervention (n = 172) | Combined intervention (SG+) (n = 172) | ||||||
Handwashing: | |||||||||||
Before eating | 244 (78.3) | 115 (66.9) | 146 (74.1) | 263 (84.0) | 149 (86.6) | 191 (96.9) | 1.50 (0.66–3.41) | 0.34 | 9.36 (1.89–46.2) | 0.01 | |
After playing | 186 (59.4) | 90 (52.3) | 127 (64.5) | 203 (64.9) | 125 (72.7) | 141 (71.6) | 0.53 (0.21–1.32) | 0.18 | 1.20 (0.41–3.48) | 0.74 | |
After defecation | 244 (78.0) | 117 (68.0) | 152 (77.2) | 285 (91.0) | 168 (97.7) | 195 (99.0) | 3.57 (0.30–42.1) | 0.31 | 3.03 (0.66–13.9) | 0.15 | |
Children bringing drinking water from home | 35 (11.2) | 19 (11.0) | 43 (21.8) | 135 (43.1) | 47 (27.3) | 23 (11.7) | 0.63 (0.13–3.02) | 0.56 | 0.09 (0.01–0.70) | 0.02 | |
Dirty water causing: | Diarrhoea | 196 (62.6) | 104 (60.5) | 140 (71.1) | 281 (89.8) | 163 (94.8) | 196 (99.5) | 1.79 (0.64–5.01) | 0.27 | 0.75 (0.31–1.83) | 0.53 |
Cholera | 36 (11.5) | 45 (26.2) | 54 (27.4) | 313 (100.0) | 172 (100.0) | 197 (100.0) | 1.97 (0.82–4.74) | 0.13 | 1.82 (0.70–4.72) | 0.22 | |
Skin irritation | 26 (8.3) | 7 (4.1) | 14 (7.1) | 56 (17.2) | 15 (8.7) | 6 (3.0) | 0.22 (0.05–0.99) | 0.05 | 0.73 (0.11–4.94) | 0.75 | |
Typhus | 22 (7.0) | 10 (5.8) | 9 (4.6) | 42 (13.4) | 8 (4.6) | 12 (6.1) | 0.22 (0.02–2.42) | 0.22 | 3.03 (0.18–51.0) | 0.44 | |
Eye irritation | 2 (0.6) | 0 (0.0) | 7 (3.5) | 22 (7.0) | 1 (0.6) | 1 (0.51) | 0.12 (0.01–6.21) | 0.29 | 0.74 (0.01–1.09) | 0.90 | |
Worms/parasites | 28 (8.9) | 16 (9.3) | 26 (13.2) | 52 (16.6) | 29 (16.9) | 21 (10.7) | 0.84 (0.44–1.59) | 0.59 | 0.46 (0.20–1.07) | 0.07 | |