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Table 5 Prevalence and associations of the GHQ-12 score with risk factors among females

From: Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors with mental health conditions: a cross-sectional study

 

Females

Disposable income per household

Employment status

< 2000 K

2000 K – < 6000 K

≥ 6000 K

Full time

Others

Prevalence (≥ 4)a)

Crude ORb)

95% CI

Adjusted OR c)

95% CI

Adjusted OR d)

95% CI

Adjusted OR d)

95% CI

Adjusted OR d)

95% CI

Adjusted ORe)

95% CI

Adjusted OR e)

95% CI

n

%

 

Lower

Upper

 

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Lower

Upper

Age (years)

 40–49

258

48.5

1

  

1

     

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 50–59

204

38.9

0.675

0.529

0.862

0.680

0.511

0.904

0.830

0.296

2.333

0.682

0.442

1.053

0.641

0.422

0.974

0.635

0.352

1.147

0.577

0.328

1.017

 60–69

163

33.2

0.528

0.410

0.680

0.676

0.479

0.954

0.606

0.218

1.685

0.823

0.503

1.345

0.512

0.283

0.926

0.257

0.085

0.781

0.521

0.315

0.862

Number of persons in the household

 ≥ 2

585

41.6

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 1

 33

29.7

0.594

0.390

0.905

0.643

0.371

1.113

0.507

0.201

1.279

0.485

0.201

1.171

1.186

0.321

4.384

1.021

0.311

3.351

0.478

0.187

1.221

Employment status

 Full time

106

45.3

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

 Others

360

42.4

0.887

0.663

1.187

0.970

0.709

1.327

1.865

0.559

6.219

0.697

0.422

1.153

1.164

0.747

1.815

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

Household disposable income (JPY)

 ≥ 6000 K

258

39.0

1

  

1

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

1

  

1

  

 2000 K–<  6000 K

296

40.4

1.065

0.859

1.321

1.128

0.862

1.477

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

1.624

0.499

5.293

0.579

0.277

1.209

 <  2000 K

 71

45.2

1.290

0.908

1.832

1.592

1.000

2.535

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

NAf)

  

0.923

0.287

2.966

0.567

0.268

1.203

Sleep duration on weekdays (hours)

 ≥ 7

200

34.4

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 6–7

247

41.2

1.337

1.056

1.693

1.238

0.920

1.665

1.252

0.469

3.341

1.166

0.758

1.795

1.632

0.735

3.624

1.546

0.767

3.119

1.357

0.860

2.141

 <  6

176

48.6

1.803

1.379

2.356

1.505

1.077

2.104

1.158

0.377

3.563

1.568

0.954

2.575

1.767

0.877

3.561

2.288

1.103

4.746

2.632

1.492

4.643

Physical exercise (days/week)

 ≥ 3

 60

29.6

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 ≤ 2

 83

35.0

1.285

0.859

1.921

1.150

0.681

1.941

1.236

0.240

6.353

0.698

0.311

1.570

1.635

0.736

3.631

2.763

0.585

13.055

1.559

0.738

3.296

 0

479

43.5

1.838

1.329

2.542

1.738

1.120

2.696

1.171

0.318

4.308

1.804

0.947

3.433

1.755

0.871

3.537

2.364

0.579

9.648

1.298

0.754

2.235

Smoking

 Never

457

39.7

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 Quit

 97

43.3

1.158

0.867

1.547

0.979

0.696

1.376

1.028

0.341

3.098

0.894

0.542

1.475

1.180

0.694

2.006

1.240

0.591

2.602

1.682

0.834

3.391

 Sometimes/everyday

 68

40.5

1.031

0.741

1.434

0.999

0.668

1.495

0.934

0.275

3.170

1.163

0.642

2.108

0.864

0.448

1.666

0.978

0.440

2.173

0.712

0.340

1.489

Drinking (times/week)

 0

328

42.5

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

1

  

 ≤ 2

190

38.4

0.841

0.668

1.060

0.861

0.648

1.143

0.274

0.100

0.751

0.939

0.615

1.433

1.085

0.704

1.671

0.996

0.532

1.864

0.621

0.378

1.022

 ≥ 3

105

37.8

0.820

0.619

1.086

0.738

0.518

1.051

0.289

0.092

0.906

0.727

0.431

1.225

0.888

0.511

1.543

0.651

0.282

1.501

1.286

0.721

2.293

  1. a) Prevalence of GHQ-12 score ≥ 4
  2. b) Crude odds ratio with 95% confidence interval (no adjustment for any variables)
  3. c) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, employment status, disposable income per household, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  4. d) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, employment status, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  5. e) Adjusted odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (adjusted for age, number of persons in the household, disposable income per household, sleep duration on weekdays, physical exercise, smoking, and drinking)
  6. f) NA not applicable
  7. g) Bold ratios: statistically siginificant
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BMC Public Health

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