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Table 3 Associations between lifestyle and socioeconomic factors by gender

From: Association of socioeconomic and lifestyle-related risk factors with mental health conditions: a cross-sectional study

Variables

Men

Women

Disposable income per household

 

Employment status

 

Disposable income per household

 

Employment status

 

< 2000 K

2000 K – < 6000 K

≥ 6000 K

 

Full time

Others

 

< 2000 K

2000 K – < 6000 K

≥ 6000 K

 

Full time

Others

 

n

%

n

%

n

%

P value1)

n

%

n

%

P value1)

n

%

n

%

n

%

P value1)

n

%

n

%

P value1)

Age (years)

 40–49

26

20.2

254

34.0

224

34.4

 

383

45.3

102

20.4

 

 44

27.8

246

33.6

243

36.4

 

105

44.1

309

36.3

 

 50–59

32

24.8

186

24.9

272

41.7

***

354

41.9

120

24.0

 

 44

27.8

237

32.3

247

37.0

***

103

43.3

314

36.9

***

 60–69

71

55.0

306

41.0

156

23.9

 

108

12.8

279

55.7

***

 70

44.3

250

34.1

177

26.5

 

 30

12.6

229

26.9

 

Number of persons in the household

 ≥ 2

73

57.5

649

90.0

603

95.4

 

749

91.7

432

88.3

 

107

67.7

682

94.7

628

96.6

 

214

91.8

777

93.1

n.s.

 1

54

42.5

 72

10.0

 29

 4.6

***

 68

 8.3

 57

11.7

*

 51

32.3

 38

 5.3

 22

 3.4

***

 19

 8.2

 58

 6.9

 

Employment status

 Full time

30

35.7

371

56.2

444

73.8

      

 17

15.0

 89

17.8

132

27.7

      

 Others

54

64.3

289

43.8

158

26.2

***

     

 96

85.0

412

82.2

344

72.3

***

     

Sleep duration on weekdays (hours)

 ≥ 7

70

54.3

335

45.1

251

38.8

 

275

32.8

269

53.8

 

 67

42.7

302

41.3

216

32.6

 

 68

28.8

299

35.3

 

 6–7

43

33.3

270

36.4

250

38.6

**

355

42.3

157

31.4

***

 59

37.6

281

38.4

263

39.7

**

 93

39.4

344

40.6

*

 <  6

16

12.4

137

18.5

146

22.6

 

209

24.9

 74

14.8

 

 31

19.7

149

20.4

184

27.8

 

 75

31.8

205

24.2

 

Physical exercise (days/week)

 ≥ 3

16

12.4

104

14.1

105

16.3

 

 91

10.9

 85

17.1

 

 24

15.4

100

13.7

 80

12.1

 

 13

 5.5

 94

11.1

 

 ≤ 2

19

14.7

109

14.7

165

25.6

***

191

22.8

 85

17.1

**

 22

14.1

101

13.9

114

17.3

n.s.

 36

15.3

143

16.9

*

 No exercise

94

72.9

526

71.2

374

58.1

 

555

66.3

328

65.9

 

110

70.5

528

72.4

465

70.6

 

186

79.1

611

72.1

 

Smoking

 Never

28

21.7

202

27.1

219

33.8

 

268

31.9

129

25.7

 

 99

63.1

544

74.5

513

77.1

 

152

65.0

622

73.1

 

 Quit

49

38.0

307

41.2

254

39.2

**

304

36.1

217

43.3

*

 29

18.5

111

15.2

 86

12.9

**

 43

18.4

141

16.6

*

 Sometimes/everyday

52

40.3

236

31.7

175

27.0

 

269

32.0

155

30.9

 

 29

18.5

 75

10.3

 66

9.9

 

 39

16.7

 88

10.3

 

Drinking (times/week)

 0

49

38.0

203

27.2

139

21.5

 

197

23.5

118

23.6

 

 91

57.6

371

50.7

315

47.5

 

108

45.8

404

47.6

 

 ≤ 2

27

20.9

202

27.1

172

26.6

**

251

29.9

116

23.2

*

 37

23.4

236

32.2

224

33.8

n.s.

 87

36.9

279

32.9

n.s.

 ≥ 3

53

41.1

340

45.6

336

51.9

 

392

46.7

267

53.3

 

 30

19.0

125

17.1

124

18.7

 

 41

17.4

166

19.6

 

GHQ-12 score

 ≥ 4 (poor)

55

43.0

245

33.0

206

31.9

n.s

284

33.8

156

31.4

n.s.

 71

45.2

296

40.5

258

39.0

n.s.

128

54.7

360

42.4

n.s.

 ≤ 3

73

57.0

497

67.0

440

68.1

 

556

66.2

341

68.6

 

 86

54.8

434

59.5

403

61.0

 

106

45.3

490

57.6

 
  1. 1) P value from Pearson’s chi-squared test: *P < .05, ** P < 0.01, *** P < 0.001