Skip to main content

Table 2 Odds ratios for poor self-reported mental health according to school pedagogical and social climate

From: School climate and mental health among Swedish adolescents: a multilevel longitudinal study

Measure of mental health

Poor mental health (%)a

Model 1 OR (95% CI)

Model 2b OR (95% CI)

Model 3c OR (95% CI)

grade 8

grade 9

Teacher PESOC score tertile

 CES-DC

  Lowest

10.46

13.77

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

13.11

15.19

1.24 (0.98–1.57)

1.47 (1.10–1.97)

1.47 (1.06–2.02)

  High

13.31

16.83

1.31 (1.03–1.67)

1.52 (1.11–2.09)

1.41 (1.01–1.98)

 SDQ total problems

  Low

10.07

11.84

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

10.63

12.93

1.20 (0.91–1.58)

1.50 (1.08–2.08)

1.42 (0.99–2.05)

  High

12.16

14.00

1.34 (1.01–1.77)

1.64 (1.16–2.33)

1.64 (1.12–2.40)

 SDQ internalizing problems

  Low

13.33

15.88

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

14.44

16.89

1.14 (0.90–1.44)

1.28 (0.96–1.70)

1.40 (1.02–1.91)

  High

16.31

18.24

1.32 (1.04–1.68)

1.48 (1.09–2.00)

1.45 (1.05–2.01)

 SDQ externalizing problems

  Lowest

7.86

8.90

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

8.14

8.59

1.10 (0.83–1.47)

1.34 (0.97–1.85)

1.23 (0.86–1.76)

  High

9.31

8.37

1.15 (0.86–1.54)

1.27 (0.90–1.79)

1.23 (0.84–1.78)

Student PESOC score tertile

 CES-DC

  Low

12.30

13.77

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

11.90

16.94

1.14 (0.92–1.41)

1.21 (0.93–1.56)

1.23 (0.93–1.63)

  High

12.57

14.07

0.98 (0.77–1.25)

0.95 (0.70–1.28)

0.90 (0.65–1.25)

 SDQ total problems

  Low

10.65

12.94

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

11.47

13.58

1.11 (0.88–1.40)

1.10 (0.83–1.45)

1.22 (0.89–1.66)

  High

10.52

11.54

1.02 (0.78–1.34)

1.04 (0.75–1.45)

1.12 (0.78–1.61)

 SDQ internalizing problems

  Low

13.77

16.74

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

15.13

17.77

1.11 (0.90–1.37)

1.11 (0.87–1.42)

1.16 (0.89–1.52)

  High

15.00

15.89

1.03 (0.82–1.30)

1.00 (0.75–1.33)

0.98 (0.72–1.33)

 SDQ externalizing problems

  Low

9.13

10.18

1.00

1.00

1.00

  Middle

7.89

8.45

0.88 (0.69–1.14)

0.86 (0.64–1.16)

0.84 (0.60–1.16)

  High

8.23

7.20

0.88 (0.66–1.16)

0.96 (0.69–1.34)

0.96 (0.67–1.38)

  1. OR odds ratio, CI confidence intervals, CES-DC Centre for Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale for Children, SDQ Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire
  2. aSubjects with missing data are excluded
  3. bAdjusted for school ownership, the school’s geographical location, adolescent’s gender, CES-DC/SDQ score in grade 7, parental education and parental country of origin
  4. cIncludes besides the variables in model 2 parental cognitive school engagement, percentage of parents with post-high school education, percentage of parents born abroad and percentage of teachers with pedagogical university degree at the school level
Back to article page

BMC Public Health

ISSN: 1471-2458

Contact us