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Table 5 Intermediate outcomes in 50 Classic villages in Rusizi District over 40 months as monitored by Ministry of Health/Africa AHEAD (2013–2017)

From: The value of monitoring data in a process evaluation of hygiene behaviour change in Community Health Clubs to explain findings from a cluster-randomised controlled trial in Rwanda

Survey Type

Base Line

Midline

End Line

Post Intervention

Final

Significance

Research Arm

ALL

CLASSIC

CLASSIC

CLASSIC

CLASSIC

Data collection period

Oct-Nov

April–May

Dec

April–May

Feb-Mar

Year of data collection

2013

2014

2014

2016

2017

Number of CHC sessions attended

None

8–13

19+

19+

19+

n = 5745

n = 738

n = 424

n = 407

n = 644

p value a

Drinking water from improved source

3.455 (60%)

493 (67%)

292 (69%)

301 (74%)

471 (73%)

< 0.0001

Adequate drinking water treatment

2.131 (37%)

398 (53%)

367 (87%)

341 (91%)

562 (89%)

< 0.0001

Improved Sanitationb

3.816 (67%)

40 (5%)

51 (12%)

285 (71%)

528 (83%)

< 0.0001

Household ownership of a latrine

5.089 (89%)

676 (92%)

406 (96%)

392 (97%)

595 (94%)

< 0.0001

Zero Open Defecation (ZOD)c

5.622 (98%)

723 (98%)

421 (99%)

407 (100%)

644 (99%)

< 0.0001

Handwashing facility (tippy tap) d

539 (9%)

107 (15%)

321 (76%)

249 (61%)

< 0.0001

Soap available for handwashinge

2.498 (44%)

378 (87%)

364 (87%)

407 (99%)

644 (99%)

< 0.0001

  1. aMantel-Haenzel test for trend
  2. bPit latrines with a sealed cover
  3. cSanitary disposal of child feces/feces not visible in courtyard
  4. dDue to an oversight hand washing facilities were not monitored in the final survey
  5. eSoap can be kept in the household, not necessarily at the tippy tap